Biochem - Glycolosyis TCA ETC Flashcards
What is the first step of glycolysis?
The conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate via hexokinase
Hexokinase is present in most tissues like muscles and the brain, whereas glucokinase is primarily found in the liver and pancreatic beta-cells. Hexokinase also has a higher affinity for glucose than glucokinase
True or False: Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.
False, glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?
Hexokinase.
Fill in the blank: The second step of glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to ______.
fructose-6-phosphate.
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
Phosphofructokinase.
PFK-1
What is the primary purpose of glycolysis?
To convert glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the process.
True or False: Glycolysis is an anaerobic process.
True, it can occur without oxygen.
What are the end products of glycolysis?
Two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH.
What is the third step of glycolysis?
Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate via PFK-1
Which steps of glycolysis produces ATP?
1,3,7,10
Fill in the blank: The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate produces ______.
2 ATP
Payoff
What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?
It acts as an electron carrier, being reduced to NADH.
Step 6 G3P to 1,3BP makes 2 NADH
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?
Pyruvate kinase
And makes 2 ATP
What is the net gain of ATP from one molecule of glucose undergoing glycolysis?
Two ATP molecules
2 invested, 4 made
True or False: Glycolysis can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
True.
What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?
It is converted to lactate or ethanol, depending on the organism.
What is the role of ATP in the first half of glycolysis?
2 ATP is consumed to
One each for steps:
Step 1 - glucose to glucose 6 phosphate
Step 3 - fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 phosphate
Step
Fill in the blank: The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is ______.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
How many total steps are there in glycolysis?
Ten steps.
What is produced during the sixth step of glycolysis?
NADH.
True or False: The conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation.
True.
What is the importance of the enzyme phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?
It is a key regulatory enzyme that controls the rate of glycolysis.
Fill in the blank: The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate is coupled with the production of ______.
ATP.
What happens to the NADH produced in glycolysis if oxygen is present?
It is used in the electron transport chain to produce more ATP.
What is the fate of pyruvate in aerobic respiration?
It enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) for further oxidation.
