Gen Chem

Question 1

Standard atmospheric pressure is?

Answer 1

760mmHg, 1 atm

Question 2

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 2

Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure = pulse pressure

Question 3

Pressure differentials equation

Answer 3

ΔP = CO x TPR
CO is cardiac output
TPR is total peripheral resistance.

Question 4

How do you calculate half-life decay?

Answer 4

(1/2)^x = how much sample will be left over.

Question 5

Intermolecular bonding

Answer 5

between compounds/molecules

Question 6

Intramolecular bonding

Answer 6

within a compound/molecules

Question 7

Octahedral compounds have how many σ (sigma) bonds?

Answer 7

six, hybridization of d^2 sp^3

Question 8

Trigonal bipyramidal has how many bonds?

Answer 8

5 bonds, d sp^3

Question 9

Tetrahedral has how many bonds?

Answer 9

4 bonds, sp^3

Question 10

Trigonal planar has how many bonds?

Answer 10

3 bonds, sp^2

Question 11

Linear has how many bonds?

Answer 11

2 bonds, sp

Question 12

Ideal gas

Answer 12

PV=nRT

1. is composed of particles that have negligible volume and do not exert intermolecular forces.

Question 13

STP conditions

Answer 13

273K, 1 atm

Question 14

List Strong Acids

Answer 14

HCl Hydrochloric Acid
HNO3 Nitric Acid
HI Hydroiodic acid
HClO4 Perchloric Acid
HClO3 Chloric Acid

Question 15

List Weak Acids

Answer 15

H2S03 Sulfurous Acid
HCO2H Methanoic Acid
H3PO4 Phosphoric Acid
HNO2 Nitrous Acid
HF Hydrofluoric Acid

Question 16

Strong bases

Answer 16

Have OH, metal hydroxide

Question 17

Weak bases

Answer 17

contain nitrogen NH3, NH4+

Question 18

When something is oxidized:

Answer 18

a molecule loses an electron or increases its oxidation state

Question 19

When something is reduced:

Answer 19

a molecule gains electrons

Question 20

In electrochemistry, when does the reaction occur spontaneously? (E˚cell)

Answer 20

When E˚ cell is greater than zero, positive

Question 21

In electrochemical cells oxidation occurs at the ___?

Answer 21

Anode

Question 22

In electrochemical cells reduction occurs at the ___?

Answer 22

Cathode

Question 23

Define MRI

Answer 23

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
The human body is mostly water. Water molecules (H2O) contain hydrogen nuclei (protons), which become aligned in a magnetic field. An MRI scanner applies a very strong magnetic field (about 0.2 to 3 teslas, or roughly a thousand times the strength of a typical fridge magnet), which aligns the proton “spins.”

The scanner also produces a radio frequency current that creates a varying magnetic field. The protons absorb the energy from the magnetic field and flip their spins. When the field is turned off, the protons gradually return to their normal spin, a process called precession. The return process produces a radio signal that can be measured by receivers in the scanner and made into an image. White is water and dark is air.

it can help doctors to see inside joints, cartilage, ligaments, muscles and tendons, which makes it helpful for detecting various sports injuries.

Question 24

Define CT scan

Answer 24

Computed Tomography refers to a computerized x-ray imaging procedure in which a narrow beam of x-rays is aimed at a patient and quickly rotated around the body, producing signals that are processed by the machine’s computer to generate cross-sectional images—or “slices”—of the body. These slices are called tomographic images and contain more detailed information than conventional x-rays. Once a number of successive slices are collected by the machine’s computer, they can be digitally “stacked” together to form a three-dimensional image of the patient that allows for easier identification and location of basic structures as well as possible tumors or abnormalities.

Question 25

How is ΔG related to Q?

Answer 25

ΔG = -ΔG˚ + RTlnQ = -nFEcell

Question 26

How is ΔG˚ related to Keq?

Answer 26

ΔG˚ = -RTlnKeq

Question 27

What type of product is made given these observations?:
forms the fastest
reaction is irreversible

Answer 27

Kinetic product:
forms the fastest
reaction is irreversible

Question 28

What type of product is made given these observations?:
form at higher temperatures
reaction is reversible

Answer 28

Thermodynamic product:
form at higher temperatures
reaction is reversible

Question 29

The researchers mixed liposomes of different sizes and observed that those formed from Compound 1 were stable to mixing, but mixing those from Compound 2 formed new liposomes. What does the behavior of liposomes prepared from compounds 1 and 2 upon mixing indicate about the energetics of their transformations? Liposomes prepared from:

Answer 29

Compound 1 are under kinetic control, but those prepared from Compound 2 are under thermodynamic control.

Question 30

Aromatic rings have what properties?

Answer 30

Delocalization of electrons and stability

Question 31

What ratio describe catalytic efficiency?

Answer 31

kcat/kM

Question 32

Which ideal solution exhibits the greatest osmotic pressure?

0. 1 M MgCl2
1. 2 M NaCl
2. 2 M CaCl2
3. 5 M Glucose

Answer 32

0.2M CaCl2 because the more solute particles (literally # of elements/ions * the concentration) gives the greatest osmotic pressure.

0. 1 M MgCl2 -> 0.1x3= 0.3M
1. 2 M NaCl -> 0.2x2 = 0.4M
2. 2 M CaCl2 -> 0.2x3= 0.6M
3. 5 M Glucose