Gen Chem Flashcards
Who discovered?
▪️Atomos
▪️Indivisible particles
Democritus
Who discovered?
▪️Billiard ball / Solid Sphere
▪️Matter is made up of atoms
John Dalton
Who discovered?
▪️Plum Pudding / Raisin bread
▪️Discovered Electron (e-)
▪️Cathode ray tube
J.J. Thompson
Who discovered?
▪️Nuclear / Gold foil/a-scattering experiment
▪️Discovered Protons
Ernest Rutherford
Who discovered?
▪️Planetary Model
▪️mostly used
▪️The center is p+ & n-
Neil Bohr
Who discovered?
▪️Quantum/Mechanical e- cloud
▪️Modern atomic model
Erwin Schrodinger
Who discovered?
▪️Neutron
James Chadwick
Who discovered?
▪️Oil drop experiment; measure accurate charge and mass of e-
R.A Milikan
Atomic mass / Mass #
p+ & n-
Atomic # =
No. of protons
No. of protons =
No. of electrons
Neutron =
Atomic mass - Atomic # (# of proton)
Who discovered?
▪️Discovered Anode Rays
Eugene Gold Stein
What is it?
+ electrode
Oxidation
Anode
What is it?
- electrode Reduction
Cathode
VILEORA
Valence
Increase
Loses e-
undergoes Oxidation
Reducing Agent
VDGEROA
Valence
Decrease
Gain e-
undergoes Reduction
Oxidizing Agent
What is it?
▪️same p+/atomic #/element
▪️DIFFERENT in atomic mass
Isotopes
What is it?
▪️same atomic mass
▪️DIFFERENT in elements
Isobars
What is it?
▪️same molecular formula
▪️DIFFERENT in structure
Isomers
What is it?
▪️sharing of e-
▪️nonmetal + nonmetal (glycosidic & peptide bond)
Covalent bonding
What is it?
▪️transfee of e-
▪️nonmetal + metal
Ionic bonding
What is it
Pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in covalent bond
Lone pair
What is it
States that bonds are formed by sharing of electrons from overlapping atomic orbitals (covalent)
Valence bond theory
What Reaction Type is stated below
A+B -> AB
[shorcut: double bond removed]
Synthesis/Combination/Direct Union or Addition
What Reaction Type is stated below
AB -> A + B
[shorcut: double bond added]
Decomposition/Analysis or Elimination
What Reaction Type is stated below
AB + X -> AX + B
A + BC -> B + AC
Single Displacement
What Reaction Type is stated below
AB + CD -> AC +BD
[shorcut: no double bond change]
Double Displacement/Metathesis/Exchange or Substitution
[Unsaturated/Saturated/Supersaturated]
Q<Ksp
Unsaturated
[Unsaturated/Saturated/Supersaturated]
Q=Ksp
Saturated
[Unsaturated/Saturated/Supersaturated]
Q>Ksp
Supersaturated
Same molecular formula
DIFFERENT in structure
Isomers
Same in atomic mass
DIFFERENT in elements
Isobars
Same p+/atomic number/element
DIFFERENT in atomic mass
Isotopes
What is it?
Atoms of the same number of neutrons
Isotones
