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Sociology Exam 1 > GEN CHEM 1 EXAM STUDY > Flashcards

GEN CHEM 1 EXAM STUDY Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Possible explanation for an observation

A

hypothesis

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2
Q
  • explained the nuclear atom
  • atom has a dense center (+) called nucleus
  • electrons travel around the nucleus at a large distance relative to the nucleus
A

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

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3
Q

( - law of conservation of mass (lavosier)
- mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
discovered that life was supported by a process that also involved oxygen and was similar in many ways to combustion ) - law 1

( -law of definite proportion (proust)
-a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass ) law 2

A

Fundamental chemical laws *three important laws

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4
Q

first to attempt to explain why chemical changes occur

A

greeks

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5
Q
  • first “chemist”
  • perfomed quantitavtive experiments
  • developed first experimental defenition of an element
A

Robert Boyle

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6
Q

russian chemist credited for the first workable periodic table ( based on increasing atomic mass)

A

Dimitri Mendeleev

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7
Q

summary of repeatable observed (measured) behavior

A

law

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8
Q

set of tested hypotheses that give an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon

A

theory ( model)

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9
Q

has mass and occupies space with tiny particles called atoms

A

matter

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10
Q

amount of space occupied by a material

A

volume

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11
Q

region around the nuclues of an atom in which electrons move about

A

energy level or electron shell

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12
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

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13
Q

amount of matter in a material

A

mass

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14
Q

form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties

A

substance

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15
Q
  • primary goal was cathode ray tube experiment was to understand the structure of an atom
  • assumptions= all atoms must contain electrons
  • atoms must contain some amount of (+) charge
  • atoms were known to be electrically neutral
A

the development of the plum pudding model ( J.J. Thomson)

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16
Q

visibly indistinguishable parts, also called a solution

A

homogeneous mixture

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17
Q
  • doscoveered radioactive activity by observing the spontaneuous emission of radiation by uranium
    gamma rays (Y) high energy light
    beta particles (B) high speed electron
    alpha particles (a) particle with 2+ charge
A

Henri becquerel (1896)

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17
Q
  • carried out to test the accuracy of thomsons plum experiment
  • involved directing (a) particles at a thin sheet of metal foil
  • (a) particles will pass through the foil with minor deflections in their paths
A

Rutherford’s experiments

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18
Q

performed experiment sinvolving charged oil drops
- determined the magnitude of the charge on a single electron
- calculated the mass of the elelctron ( 9.11x10^-31kg)

A

Robert Millikan (1909)

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19
Q

penta

A

5

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19
Q

atoms consist of a diffuse cloud of (+) charge with the (-) electrons embedded randomly in it

A

J.J Thomsons Plum pudding model

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20
Q

each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms, given atoms are identical which is proven wrong

A

Daltons Atomic theory (1808)

20
Q

volume of gas is determined by the number, not the size of molecules

A

Avogadro’s hypothesis

21
Q

hepta

A

7

22
Q

hexa

A

6

23
Q

smallest compund particle

A

molecule

24
Q

_____ observation are called a measurement

A

quantitative

25
Q

calculated by water displacement or with a formula based on linear dimensions

A

solid volume

26
Q

two or more atoms joined and acting as a unit

A

molecule

27
Q

makes observations, formulates hypotheses, perform experiments

A

scientific method

27
Q

measured directly with a container

A

liquid volume

28
Q

_____ of a material is the ratio between its mass and volume

A

density

29
Q

tetra

A

10

30
Q

mono

A

1

31
Q

nona

A

9

32
Q

tri

A

3

33
Q

deca

A

10

33
Q

octa

A

8

34
Q

di

A

2

35
Q

property of matter that determines wheter heat can be transferred from one bidy to another

A

temperature

35
Q

smallest part of an element that is still that elememt

A

atom

36
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting

37
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaportaion

38
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

39
Q

soild to gas

A

sublimation

40
Q

no fixed volume or shape, takes on shape and volume of its container, always in motion and occupies space

A

gas

40
Q

has fixed volume and shape, rigid

A

soild

40
Q

liquid to soilid

A

freezing

40
Q

definite volume, no shape
assumes shape of its container

A

liquid

41
Q

the study of matter, its composition, structure, and changes in its composition

A

chemistry

42
Q

measure of the dsitance between 2 points

A

lenght

43
Q

visibly distingusihable parts

A

heterogenous mixture

43
Q
  • postulated the existance of (-) charged particles aka electrons, using cathode ray tubes
  • discovered electrons
  • developed a visual of an atom
  • dtermined the mass ratio of an electron
  • atom must contain (+) partciles that balance exactly the (-) charge carried by electrons
A

J.J Thomsons (1898-1903)

44
Q
A

Sociology Exam 1 (3 decks)

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