Geme Structure And Translation

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

A region of DNA that controls a discrete hereditary characteristic encompassing coding DNA sequences, non coding regulatory sequences and introns

Question 2

RNA polymerase II

Answer 2

Makes mRNA

Question 3

Promoter

Answer 3

Act as guides as to how gene expression is going to happen - found immediately 5’ to the gene they interact with

Question 4

Enhancer

Answer 4

Increase transcription from a nearby gene but can operate over considerable distances

Question 5

Transcription factors

Answer 5

Proteins which bind to specific DNA sequences within a promoter or enhancer to increase or decrease gene expression

Question 6

Splicing

Answer 6

Introns are removed from the primary by splicing to give a functional RNA molecule

Question 7

Polyadenylation

Answer 7

A polyA tail - string of adenylate residues added to the 3’ end of the mRNA, helps mRNA transfer from nucleus to cytoplasm