Cells, Chromosomes And DNA

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

The molecule which contains hereditary material

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

DNA is packaged on them

Question 3

Nucleosides

Answer 3

The first and most fundamental level of chromatin packaging, DNA wraps around the nucleosome in the typical way

Question 4

Histones

Answer 4

DNA binding proteins, they are small and positively charged

Question 5

H2A, H4, H3, H2B

Answer 5

Four types of histones

Question 6

Chromatin remodelling complexes

Answer 6

Can bind to DNA to either unwind the DNA or reposition the DNA around the nucleosome

Question 7

Histone tails

Answer 7

Can be reversible chemically modified to make the chromatin more or less accessible - to increase or decrease gene expression

Question 8

Centromeres

Answer 8

The part of the chromosome which contain DNA

Question 9

Kinetochore

Answer 9

Large protein complexes which bind centromeres and allow microtubules to attach to pull chromosomes apart during mitosis

Question 10

Telomeres

Answer 10

Specialised end structures on chromosomes that maintain length and integrity

Question 11

Cohesins

Answer 11

Tie together sister chromatids in each duplicated chromosome - broken during anaphase