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Exam Reviewer > GE ELECT > Flashcards

GE ELECT Flashcards

1
Q

College graduates in the workforce were asked to rank the skills most essential to their career development. What was at the top of their list?

A

Oral communication

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2
Q

 In speaking, you would take your listener systematically, step by step. You would organize your message

A

• Organizing your thoughts logically

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3
Q

we adjust our technique according to our audience

A

• Tailoring your message to your audience

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4
Q

 you carefully build up your story, adjusting your words and tone of voice to get the best effect

A

• Telling a story for a maximum impact

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5
Q

 Whenever you talk with someone, you are aware of that person’s verbal, facial and physical reactions

A

• Adapting to listener feedback

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6
Q

 It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker. In most cases, the situation does not allow listeners to interrupt with questions or commentary.

A

• Public speaking is more highly structured.

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7
Q

 Slang, jargon, and bad grammar have little place in public speeches.

A

• Public speaking requires more formal language

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8
Q

(“uh” , “er” , “um”).

A

vocalized pauses

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9
Q

adjust their voices to be heard clearly throughout the audience. They assume a more erect posture.

A

 Effective public speakers

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10
Q

• the anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

A

Stage Fright

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11
Q

• a zesty, enthusiastic, lively feeling with a slight edge to it
• controlled nervousness that helps a speaker for her or his presentation.

A

Positive Nervousness

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12
Q

6 Ways to Turn Nervousness from a Negative Force into a Positive One

A
  1. Acquire Speaking Experience
  2. Prepare, Prepare, Prepare
  3. Think positively
  4. Use the Power of Visualization.
  5. Know that most nervousness is not visible
  6. Do not Expect Perfection
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13
Q

mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation

A

 Visualization

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14
Q

focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion.

A

Critical thinking

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15
Q

The Speech Communication Process

A

• Speaker
• Message
• Channel
• Listener
• Feedback
• Interference
• Situation

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16
Q

 Speech communication begins with

A

• Speaker

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17
Q

 It is whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.

A

• Message

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18
Q

 It is the means by which a message is communicated.

A

• Channel

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19
Q

the person who receives the communicated message from the speaker.

A

• Listener

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20
Q

the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes.

A

 Frame of reference

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21
Q

the message, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker.

A

 Feedback

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22
Q

 It is anything that impedes the communication of a message.

A

• Interference

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23
Q

2 types of interference

A

 Internal interference
 External interference

24
Q

 It is the time and place in which speech communication occurs.

A

• Situation

25
Q

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

A

• Ethics

26
Q

sound ethical decisions involve weighing potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines

A

• Ethical decision

27
Q

Guidelines of Ethical Speaking

A

• Make sure your goals are ethically sound
• Be fully prepared for each speech
• Be honest in what you say
• Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language
• Put ethical principles into practice

28
Q

It is the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups.

A

 Name-calling

29
Q

comes from plagiarius, the Latin word for kidnapper.

A

Plagiarism

30
Q

• Kinds of Plagiarism

A

 Global Plagiarism
 Patchwork Plagiarism
 Incremental Plagiarism

31
Q

Guidelines for Ethical Listening

A

• Be courteous and attentive
• Avoid prejudging the speaker
• Maintain the free and open expression of ideas

32
Q

Different types of Listening

A

 Appreciative Listening
 Empathic Listening
 Comprehensive Listening
 Critical Listening

33
Q

 for pleasure or enjoyment, as we listen to music, to a comedy routine, or to an entertaining speech.

A

 Appreciative Listening

34
Q

 to provide emotional support for the speaker, as when a psychiatrist listens to a patient or when we lend a sympathetic ear to a friend in distress.

A

 Empathic Listening

35
Q

 to understand the message of a speaker, as when we attend a classroom lecture or listen to directions for finding a friend’s house

A

 Comprehensive Listening

36
Q

 to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it, as when we listen to the sales pitch of a used-car dealer or the campaign speech of a political candidate.

A

 Critical Listening

37
Q

Four Causes of Poor Listening

A

 Not Concentrating
 Listening too hard
 Jumping to Conclusions
 Focusing on delivery and personal appearance

38
Q

How to become a good listener

A

 Be an active listener
 Resist distractions
 Do not be diverted by appearance and delivery
 Suspend judgement
 Focus your listening
 Develop note-taking skills

39
Q

Skilled listeners do not try to absorb a speaker’s every word. Rather, they focus on specific things in a speech.

A

 Listen for Main Points
 Listen for Evidence
 Listen for Techniques

40
Q

an outline that briefly notes a speaker’s main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form.

A

 key-word outline

41
Q

a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas

A

• Brainstorming

42
Q

• Methods of brainstorming

A

 Personal Inventory
 Clustering
 Reference Search
 Internet Search

43
Q

the broad goal of a speech

A

 general purpose

44
Q

Determining the General Purpose

A

• To Inform
• To persuade

45
Q

a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his/her speech

A

• Specific purpose

46
Q

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech.

A

central idea

47
Q

what a speaker wants the audience о to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech

A

o Residual message

48
Q

keeping the audience foremost in mind every step of speech preparation and presentation.

A

• Audience-centeredness

49
Q

a process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experience.

A

• Identification

50
Q

the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.

A

• Egocentrism

51
Q

creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike

A

• Stereotyping

52
Q

looking at demographic traits such as age; gender; sexual orientation; religion; group membership; racial, ethnic, or cultural background; and the like.

A

demographic audience analysis

53
Q

 identifying the general demographic analysis. features of your audience,
 gauging the importance of those features to a particular speaking situation.

A

demographic audience analysis.

54
Q

demographic traits

A

• Age
• Gender
• Sexual Orientation
• Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Background
• Religion

55
Q

• situational factors

A

• Size
• Physical Setting
• Disposition toward the Topic
• Interest
• Knowledge
• Attitude
• Disposition toward the speaker

56
Q

• 3 major types of questions

A

o Fixed – alternative questions
o Scale questions
o Open – ended questions

57
Q

major characteristics of audience

A

o Audience adaptation before the speech
o Audience adaptation during the speech

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