gcses

Question 1

What are the solubility rules?

Answer 1

1. All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble
2. All nitrates are soluble
3. Most chlorides are soluble (excluding silver chloride, lead chloride)
4. Most sulfates are soluble (excluding lead sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate)
5. Most common carbonates are insoluble (excluding sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate)
6. Most common hydroxides are insoluble (excluding sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide)

Question 2

What are the different methods for making salts?

Answer 2

• titration
• excess base
• precipitation

Question 3

How would you make a soluble salt (excluding sodium, potassium and ammonium salts)?

Answer 3

You can use the following mixtures:
- acid + metal
- acid + metal oxide or hydroxide
- acid + carbonate

Question 4

How can you test if a solution is saturated?

Answer 4

• dip a glass rod into the solution
• if crystals form on the glass rod then remove it and we know that the solution is very close to saturated

Question 5

How would you make an insoluble salt?

Answer 5

The basic procedure is to mix solutions of two soluble salts to form an insoluble salt and a solution of a soluble one. For instance to make insoluble silver chloride we would mix together solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chloride.

This is called a precipitation reaction

Question 6

What do we mix together to make insoluble salts?

Answer 6

Our procedure for making insoluble salts is to mix together two solutions containing soluble salts

Question 7

What is the flowchart for making salts methods?

Answer 7

Is the salt soluble?
YES NO
l l
Is it a use precipitation
sodium method
potassium or
ammonium ——- NO
salt? react an acid
l with an excess
YES of a solid metal
l
titration