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Chemistry > GCSE - Topic 2 - Seperation - Year 9 > Flashcards

GCSE - Topic 2 - Seperation - Year 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What charge do atoms have?

A

Atoms are neutral - they have no overall charge. This is because they have the same number of protons and electrons.

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2
Q

How are compounds formed?

A

When elements react, atoms combine with other atoms to form compounds.

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3
Q

What are compounds?

A

Substances formed from two or more elements

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4
Q

What is group 1 called?

A

The alkali metals.

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5
Q

What are the alkali metals like?

A

They’re soft and have low density.

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6
Q

What are the trends for the alkali metals as you go down the group?

A
  • Increasing reactivity - the outer electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and electron decreases because the electron is further away from the nucleus
  • Lower melting and boiling point
  • Higher relative atomic mass
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7
Q

What is the reaction between the alkali metals and water like?

A
  • They react vigorously to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides
  • The more reactive the alkali metal is, the more violent the reaction
  • The amount of energy given out by the reaction increases down the group.
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8
Q

What is group 7 called?

A

The halogens.

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9
Q

What do the halogens exist as?

A

Molecules, which are pairs of atoms.

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10
Q

What are the trends for the halogens as you go down the group?

A
  • Become less reactive.
  • High melting and boiling point.
  • Higher relative atomic mass.
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11
Q

What is group 0 called?

A

The noble gases.

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12
Q

What are monatomic gases?

A

Single atoms not bonded together.

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13
Q

What colour are the group 0 elements at room temperature?

A

They’re colourless.

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14
Q

Are the group 0 gases inert?

A

Yes, this means they’re unreactive.

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15
Q

How does the boiling point change as you go down group 0?

A

The boiling point increases.

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16
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. (Involves a non-metal and metal)

17
Q

What’s a covalent bond?

A

When non-metal atoms bond together, they share pairs of electrons to make covalent bonds.

18
Q

What makes covalent bonds very strong?

A

The positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms are attracted to the shared pair of electrons by electrostatic forces.

19
Q

What’s a compound?

A

Two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

20
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or group of atoms with a charge (from losing or gaining electrons).

21
Q

How do you draw a covalent bond?

A
  1. Start with ‘share zones’

2. Put the rest of the electrons on the outside

22
Q

What is filtration used for?

A

To remove insoluble solids.

23
Q

What are the 4 state symbols?

A

(s), (g), (l), (aq)

24
Q

What is distillation used for?

A

To separate 2 liquids based on their boiling points or to separate a soluble substance from a liquid.

25
Q

How does adding salt to water change the melting and boiling point?

A

MP - decreases, BP - increases

26
Q

Why is the rate of reaction fastest at the start?

A

Because there are lots of reactant molecules.

27
Q

What will happen to a RoR if you increase the temperature?

A

The RoR will increase because there will be more frequent successful collisions.

28
Q

How does the SA:volume affect the RoR?

A

The larger the SA:volume, the faster the RoR because it will have the same volume but more area to work with.

29
Q

What is chromatography?

A

The separation of colours.

30
Q

What is the activation energy?

A

The minimum amount of energy needed for particles to react.

31
Q

What are the 4 factors that affect the RoR?

A

Temperature, concentration, SA, pressure.

32
Q

What are the 4 separation methods?

A

Filtration, crystallisation, distillation, chromatography.

33
Q

What processes occur during distillation?

A

Evaporation then condensation.

34
Q

In chromatography, why should a baseline always be drawn in pencil?

A

So the ink from the baseline doesn’t run up the paper and cover the sample.

35
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that is made up of more than 1 type of atom.

36
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance that is made up of two or more types of atoms joined together by chemical bonds.

37
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A pure substance is a single substance made of only one type of particle.

38
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A substance made of two or more types of particles.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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