GCSE - Topic 1 - Core Chemistry - Year 9 Flashcards
What’s the radius of an atom?
0.1 nanometre
Where is the nucleus located in an atom?
in the middle
What does the nucleus contain in an atom?
protons and neutrons
Is the nucleus in an atom positively or negatively charged?
positively
Where are the electrons located?
in the shells
Are electrons negatively or positively charged?
negatively
The ___ of an electron’s orbit determines the ___ of an ___
the VOLUME of an electron’s orbit determines the SIZE of an ATOM
Do electrons have a small or large mass?
small, electrons have virtually no mass
Are atoms neutral?
yes, they have no charge overall (unlike ions)
Why are atoms neutral?
because they have the same number of protons and electrons
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
‘very small’
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
What is the charge of a neutron?
0
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
What is an ion?
an ion is an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons
The __ on the electrons is the __ size as the __ on the protons but __ - so the charges __ __.
The CHARGE on the electrons is the SAME size as the CHARGE on the protons, but OPPOSITE - so the charges CANCEL OUT.
In an ion does the number of protons equal the number of electrons?
no, this means it has an overall charge. for example, an ion with a 2- charge, has two more electrons than protons
Is the mass number on the top or bottom of an element (periodic table)?
top
Is the atomic (proton) number on the top or bottom of an element (periodic table)?
bottom
What does the atomic (proton) number tell you?
how many protons there are
What does the mass number tell you?
the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
How do you work out the number of neutrons?
subtract the atomic number from the mass number
How do you work out the number of electrons in an atom?
you work out how many protons there are (just look at the atomic number), the number of electrons is the same as protons.
What is an element?
a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus
What determines the type of atom an atom is?
the number of protons in the nucleus
What are isotopes?
different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons (same atomic number, different mass number)
Is the first shell on an atom closest or furthest away from the nucleus?
closest
Which shells are fille first with electrons?
the one closest to the nucleus, then going outwards from there
How many electrons are allowed on the 1st shell?
2
How many electrons are allowed on the 2nd shell?
8
How many electrons are allowed on the 3rd shell?
8
If the outer shell is not full, what does the atom want to do?
react to fill it
How is an electron configuration represented in numbers?
1st number = number on electrons on 1st shell
2nd number = number of electrons on 2nd shell
3rd number = number of electrons on the 3rd shell
e.g 2, 8, 8 (full shells)
Do periods go horizontally or vertically?
horizontally
Do groups go horizontally or vertically?
vertically
Roughly, how many elements are there on the periodic table?
100 ish
Are metals on the left or right of the periodic table?
left
Are non-metals on the left or right of the periodic table?
right
How is the periodic table laid out? (in order of ___)
in order of increasing atomic ( proton) number
What does the group number tell you?
how many electrons are on the outer shell
for example, in group 7 they all have 7 electrons on their outer shell
In group 1, do the metals act more or less vigorously as you go down the group?
more
What does the period tell you about the element?
each new period represents another full shell of electrons
Metals are elements that can form ___ __ when they react.
metals are elements that can form POSITIVE IONS when they react
What are some similar basic physical properties of metals?
- they’re strong but malleable
- they’re great at conducting heat and electricity
- they have high boiling and melting points
What are some similar basic physical properties of non-metals?
- dull looking
- more brittle
- arent always a solid at room temperature
- don’t usually conduct electricity
- often have a lower density
What is density?
the density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume
Can transition metals have more than 1 ion?
yes
Are transition metals good catalysts?
yes
What are the group 1 metals?
lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium
Are the group 1 metals hard or soft?
soft
Do the group 1 metals have a high or low density?
low
As you go down group 1, does the melting and boiling point get higher or lower?
lower
As you go down group 1, does the relative atomic mass get higher or lower?
higher
How do the group 1 metals react with water?
- react vigorously to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides
- the amount of energy given out by the reaction increases down teh group
