GCSE - Topic 1 - Core Chemistry - Year 9

Question 1

What’s the radius of an atom?

Answer 1

0.1 nanometre

Question 2

Where is the nucleus located in an atom?

Answer 2

in the middle

Question 3

What does the nucleus contain in an atom?

Answer 3

protons and neutrons

Question 4

Is the nucleus in an atom positively or negatively charged?

Answer 4

positively

Question 5

Where are the electrons located?

Answer 5

in the shells

Question 6

Are electrons negatively or positively charged?

Answer 6

negatively

Question 7

The ___ of an electron’s orbit determines the ___ of an ___

Answer 7

the VOLUME of an electron’s orbit determines the SIZE of an ATOM

Question 8

Do electrons have a small or large mass?

Answer 8

small, electrons have virtually no mass

Question 9

Are atoms neutral?

Answer 9

yes, they have no charge overall (unlike ions)

Question 10

Why are atoms neutral?

Answer 10

because they have the same number of protons and electrons

Question 11

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 11

1

Question 12

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 13

‘very small’

Question 14

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 14

+1

Question 15

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 15

0

Question 16

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 16

-1

Question 17

What is an ion?

Answer 17

an ion is an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons

Question 18

The __ on the electrons is the __ size as the __ on the protons but __ - so the charges __ __.

Answer 18

The CHARGE on the electrons is the SAME size as the CHARGE on the protons, but OPPOSITE - so the charges CANCEL OUT.

Question 19

In an ion does the number of protons equal the number of electrons?

Answer 19

no, this means it has an overall charge. for example, an ion with a 2- charge, has two more electrons than protons

Question 20

Is the mass number on the top or bottom of an element (periodic table)?

Answer 20

top

Question 21

Is the atomic (proton) number on the top or bottom of an element (periodic table)?

Answer 21

bottom

Question 22

What does the atomic (proton) number tell you?

Answer 22

how many protons there are

Question 23

What does the mass number tell you?

Answer 23

the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

Question 24

How do you work out the number of neutrons?

Answer 24

subtract the atomic number from the mass number

Question 25

How do you work out the number of electrons in an atom?

Answer 25

you work out how many protons there are (just look at the atomic number), the number of electrons is the same as protons.

Question 26

What is an element?

Answer 26

a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus

Question 27

What determines the type of atom an atom is?

Answer 27

the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 28

What are isotopes?

Answer 28

different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons (same atomic number, different mass number)

Question 29

Is the first shell on an atom closest or furthest away from the nucleus?

Answer 29

closest

Question 30

Which shells are fille first with electrons?

Answer 30

the one closest to the nucleus, then going outwards from there

Question 31

How many electrons are allowed on the 1st shell?

Answer 31

2

Question 32

How many electrons are allowed on the 2nd shell?

Answer 32

8

Question 33

How many electrons are allowed on the 3rd shell?

Answer 33

8

Question 34

If the outer shell is not full, what does the atom want to do?

Answer 34

react to fill it

Question 35

How is an electron configuration represented in numbers?

Answer 35

1st number = number on electrons on 1st shell 2nd number = number of electrons on 2nd shell 3rd number = number of electrons on the 3rd shell e.g 2, 8, 8 (full shells)

Question 36

Do periods go horizontally or vertically?

Answer 36

horizontally

Question 37

Do groups go horizontally or vertically?

Answer 37

vertically

Question 38

Roughly, how many elements are there on the periodic table?

Answer 38

100 ish

Question 39

Are metals on the left or right of the periodic table?

Answer 39

left

Question 40

Are non-metals on the left or right of the periodic table?

Answer 40

right

Question 41

How is the periodic table laid out? (in order of ___)

Answer 41

in order of increasing atomic ( proton) number

Question 42

What does the group number tell you?

Answer 42

how many electrons are on the outer shell | for example, in group 7 they all have 7 electrons on their outer shell

Question 43

In group 1, do the metals act more or less vigorously as you go down the group?

Answer 43

more

Question 44

What does the period tell you about the element?

Answer 44

each new period represents another full shell of electrons

Question 45

Metals are elements that can form ___ __ when they react.

Answer 45

metals are elements that can form POSITIVE IONS when they react

Question 46

What are some similar basic physical properties of metals?

Answer 46

- they're strong but malleable - they're great at conducting heat and electricity - they have high boiling and melting points

Question 47

What are some similar basic physical properties of non-metals?

Answer 47

- dull looking - more brittle - arent always a solid at room temperature - don't usually conduct electricity - often have a lower density

Question 48

What is density?

Answer 48

the density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume

Question 49

Can transition metals have more than 1 ion?

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

Are transition metals good catalysts?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

What are the group 1 metals?

Answer 51

lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium

Question 52

Are the group 1 metals hard or soft?

Answer 52

soft

Question 53

Do the group 1 metals have a high or low density?

Answer 53

low

Question 54

As you go down group 1, does the melting and boiling point get higher or lower?

Answer 54

lower

Question 55

As you go down group 1, does the relative atomic mass get higher or lower?

Answer 55

higher

Question 56

How do the group 1 metals react with water?

Answer 56

- react vigorously to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides - the amount of energy given out by the reaction increases down teh group