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Chemistry > GCSE - Topic 1 - Core Chemistry - Year 9 > Flashcards

GCSE - Topic 1 - Core Chemistry - Year 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the radius of an atom?

A

0.1 nanometre

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2
Q

Where is the nucleus located in an atom?

A

in the middle

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3
Q

What does the nucleus contain in an atom?

A

protons and neutrons

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4
Q

Is the nucleus in an atom positively or negatively charged?

A

positively

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5
Q

Where are the electrons located?

A

in the shells

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6
Q

Are electrons negatively or positively charged?

A

negatively

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7
Q

The ___ of an electron’s orbit determines the ___ of an ___

A

the VOLUME of an electron’s orbit determines the SIZE of an ATOM

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8
Q

Do electrons have a small or large mass?

A

small, electrons have virtually no mass

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9
Q

Are atoms neutral?

A

yes, they have no charge overall (unlike ions)

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10
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

because they have the same number of protons and electrons

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11
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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12
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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13
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

‘very small’

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14
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

+1

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15
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

0

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16
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

-1

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17
Q

What is an ion?

A

an ion is an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons

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18
Q

The __ on the electrons is the __ size as the __ on the protons but __ - so the charges __ __.

A

The CHARGE on the electrons is the SAME size as the CHARGE on the protons, but OPPOSITE - so the charges CANCEL OUT.

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19
Q

In an ion does the number of protons equal the number of electrons?

A

no, this means it has an overall charge. for example, an ion with a 2- charge, has two more electrons than protons

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20
Q

Is the mass number on the top or bottom of an element (periodic table)?

A

top

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21
Q

Is the atomic (proton) number on the top or bottom of an element (periodic table)?

A

bottom

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22
Q

What does the atomic (proton) number tell you?

A

how many protons there are

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23
Q

What does the mass number tell you?

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

24
Q

How do you work out the number of neutrons?

A

subtract the atomic number from the mass number

25
Q

How do you work out the number of electrons in an atom?

A

you work out how many protons there are (just look at the atomic number), the number of electrons is the same as protons.

26
Q

What is an element?

A

a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus

27
Q

What determines the type of atom an atom is?

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

28
Q

What are isotopes?

A

different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons (same atomic number, different mass number)

29
Q

Is the first shell on an atom closest or furthest away from the nucleus?

A

closest

30
Q

Which shells are fille first with electrons?

A

the one closest to the nucleus, then going outwards from there

31
Q

How many electrons are allowed on the 1st shell?

A

2

32
Q

How many electrons are allowed on the 2nd shell?

A

8

33
Q

How many electrons are allowed on the 3rd shell?

A

8

34
Q

If the outer shell is not full, what does the atom want to do?

A

react to fill it

35
Q

How is an electron configuration represented in numbers?

A

1st number = number on electrons on 1st shell
2nd number = number of electrons on 2nd shell
3rd number = number of electrons on the 3rd shell
e.g 2, 8, 8 (full shells)

36
Q

Do periods go horizontally or vertically?

A

horizontally

37
Q

Do groups go horizontally or vertically?

A

vertically

38
Q

Roughly, how many elements are there on the periodic table?

A

100 ish

39
Q

Are metals on the left or right of the periodic table?

A

left

40
Q

Are non-metals on the left or right of the periodic table?

A

right

41
Q

How is the periodic table laid out? (in order of ___)

A

in order of increasing atomic ( proton) number

42
Q

What does the group number tell you?

A

how many electrons are on the outer shell

for example, in group 7 they all have 7 electrons on their outer shell

43
Q

In group 1, do the metals act more or less vigorously as you go down the group?

A

more

44
Q

What does the period tell you about the element?

A

each new period represents another full shell of electrons

45
Q

Metals are elements that can form ___ __ when they react.

A

metals are elements that can form POSITIVE IONS when they react

46
Q

What are some similar basic physical properties of metals?

A
  • they’re strong but malleable
  • they’re great at conducting heat and electricity
  • they have high boiling and melting points
47
Q

What are some similar basic physical properties of non-metals?

A
  • dull looking
  • more brittle
  • arent always a solid at room temperature
  • don’t usually conduct electricity
  • often have a lower density
48
Q

What is density?

A

the density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume

49
Q

Can transition metals have more than 1 ion?

A

yes

50
Q

Are transition metals good catalysts?

A

yes

51
Q

What are the group 1 metals?

A

lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium

52
Q

Are the group 1 metals hard or soft?

A

soft

53
Q

Do the group 1 metals have a high or low density?

A

low

54
Q

As you go down group 1, does the melting and boiling point get higher or lower?

A

lower

55
Q

As you go down group 1, does the relative atomic mass get higher or lower?

A

higher

56
Q

How do the group 1 metals react with water?

A
  • react vigorously to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides
  • the amount of energy given out by the reaction increases down teh group

Chemistry (3 decks)

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