GCSE Medicine Booklet 4

Question 1

Who did St Mary’s Hospital send to study infections in wounded soldiers during WWI?

Answer 1

Alexander Fleming

Question 2

What germ caused septicaemia / Infections?

Answer 2

Staphylococci

Question 3

How did Fleming discover penicillin in 1928?

Answer 3

By chance. Mould formed in one of his petri dishes whicle he was on holiday. It had killed the germ inside.

Question 4

What test did Fleming fail to do which would have proved uesful?

Answer 4

He failed to inject penicillin into the blood stream.

Question 5

Who developed the work of Fleming?

Answer 5

Florey and Chain who started to experiment on mice and humans in 1941.

Question 6

Who did Florey and Chain first experiment on?

Answer 6

A policeman who had an infection from a rose. After initial improvement he died as there wasn’t enough antobiotic available.

Question 7

How did war affect penicillin?

Answer 7

War spread up production due to large injury rates.

Question 8

Describe penicillin use during World War Two

Answer 8

In 1943 1,000 soldiers were helped but by 1945 250,000

Question 9

What % of soldiers would have died without penicillin during WWII?

Answer 9

15%

Question 10

How did the government help with penicillin production after WWII?

Answer 10

There was a huge sponsored programme to produce the “wonder drug” and it was used to treat diseases such as; bronchitis wounds, abscesses and tonsillitis.

Question 11

an you name three other antibiotics produced after penicillin?

Answer 11

Streptomycin for treating TB, Tetracyline for skin infections and Mitomycin used against cancer.

Question 12

Which drug for sleeping resulted in the birth of babies with porly formed limbs?

Answer 12

Thalidomide

Question 13

Name two antibiotic resistant superbugs.

Answer 13

MRSA and Norovirus

Question 14

When was the first open heart surgery performed?

Answer 14

1950

Question 15

When was the first kidney transplant in the UK?

Answer 15

1960

Question 16

When was the first heart transplant in the UK?

Answer 16

1967

Question 17

When was the first hip replacement performed in Britain?

Answer 17

1972

Question 18

When were MRI scans first used?

Answer 18

1987

Question 19

When was the first full face transplant?

Answer 19

2008

Question 20

Can you list 4 examples of alternative medicine?

Answer 20

Hydrotherapy, aromatheraphy, hypnotherapy, acupuncture

Question 21

During World War One, what did CCS stand for?

Answer 21

Casualty Clearing Stations

Question 22

Can you list 4 technological improvements in medicine during World War One?

Answer 22

Mobile x-ray units, blood transfusions, skin grafts, the Thomas splint

Question 23

How many men suffered from shell shock during World War One

Answer 23

80,000

Question 24

Who developed the ‘talking cure’ for shellshock?

Answer 24

William Rivers

Question 25

Who developed new techniques in skin grafts?

Answer 25

Harold Gillies

Question 26

In what year were different blood groups discovered?

Answer 26

1901

Question 27

When anti-coagulant was added to blood, how long would it last?

Answer 27

28 days

Question 28

During World War Two, how many blood doners were used?

Answer 28

700,000

Question 29

What was known as the Spanish Lady?

Answer 29

The influenza pandemic 1918-1919

Question 30

How many people died in the flu pandemic 1918-1919

Answer 30

20-40 million (mostly 20-40 year olds!)

Question 31

How many people died from the 1918-1919 flu pandemic in the UK?

Answer 31

280,000

Question 32

What was the name of the world's first test tube baby

Answer 32

Louise Brown

Question 33

What type of surgery allows you to rejoin nerves and blood vessels

Answer 33

Micro surgery

Question 34

In what year was DNA discovered?

Answer 34

1953

Question 35

What scans allow surgeons to see inside the body?

Answer 35

CAT scans and MRI scans

Question 36

Which war highlighted the poor health British workers

Answer 36

Boer War

Question 37

Name two social investigators who highlighted the problems of poverty

Answer 37

Rowntree and Booth

Question 38

Which political party was elected in 1906, promising social reform?

Answer 38

Liberal Party

Question 39

What reform did the Liberals introduce to improve children's health?

Answer 39

Free School Meals (1906), School medical inspections (1907), Children's Act (1908) and School Clinics (1912)

Question 40

Which Liberal reform helped sick workers avoid starvation?

Answer 40

National Insurance Act Part 1 (1911)

Question 41

Which Liberal reform helped the elderly?

Answer 41

Pensions Act (1909)

Question 42

Who wrote a report about the state of Britain during World War Two?

Answer 42

Sir William Beveridge (1942)

Question 43

How many copies of the Beveridge Report were sold in the first month?

Answer 43

100,000

Question 44

What did Beveridge say were the 5 giants of poverty?

Answer 44

Disease, want (need), ignorance, idleness and squalor (poor living conditions)

Question 45

When was the National Health Service (NHS) set up?

Answer 45

4th July, 1948

Question 46

How many new towns were built by 1948 and how many council homes build per year?

Answer 46

12 new towns and 280,000 council homes per year

Question 47

Before the NHS, how many people had never seen a doctor?

Answer 47

8 million

Question 48

How has life expectancy changed for men and women since 1948?

Answer 48

Women from 66 to 83 and men from 64 to 79

Question 49

When were charges first introduced for the NHS?

Answer 49

1952 - charges for glasses introduced, prescriptions cost 1s and dental treatment cost £1

Question 50

In December 1952, how many people were affected by the 'killer smog'?

Answer 50

12,000 people died and 100,000 were taken ill

Question 51

When did the government pass the Clean Air Acts?

Answer 51

1956 and 1968 which tried to reduce the number of coal fires

Question 52

When was smoking in public places banned and smoking in cars with a child passenger?

Answer 52

2007 (public places) and 2015 (in cars with a child passenger)

Question 53

By 2014, how many people had died from AIDS

Answer 53

40 million

Question 54

How many in people in Britain currently have AIDS?

Answer 54

100,000