GCSE Medicine Booklet 1

Question 1

What caused St Anthony’s disease?

Answer 1

Fungus in bread

Question 2

What percentage of chidren, in medieval times, died before the age of seven?

Answer 2

30%

Question 3

How did medieval people try to cure rheumatism?

Answer 3

Wear a donkey skin

Question 4

What was Bald’s Leechbook?

Answer 4

A 10th century medical text

Question 5

What theory did Hippocrates establish?

Answer 5

The Four Humours

Question 6

How did Hippocrates influence later medicine?

Answer 6

He wrote 60 books and his ideas were used in Western medicine for centuries

Question 7

Where did Galen learn about anatomy?

Answer 7

He worked in a gladiator school,in Rome, treating injuries

Question 8

How did Galen affect later medicine?

Answer 8

His books were used as university text books and they taught dissection

Question 9

Which Arab doctor wrote the first description of smallpox symptoms?

Answer 9

Rhazes

Question 10

Which Arab doctor wrote the book called The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine?

Answer 10

Avicenna

Question 11

What medical equipment did Islamic doctors invent?

Answer 11

Sticting and scalpels

Question 12

What are the Four Humours?

Answer 12

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile

Question 13

Some people believed that God made diseases but also provided herbal cures. What was this idea called?

Answer 13

The Doctrine of Signatures

Question 14

What did medieval religious people think caused illnesses and epidemics?

Answer 14

An individual or a whole society were leading sinful lives

Question 15

What herb was used to break up kidney stones?

Answer 15

Saxifrage

Question 16

Who carried out minor operations such as pulling teeth?

Answer 16

A Barber-surgeon

Question 17

What would an apothecary sell?

Answer 17

He would sell simples – a medicine made of one herb or compounds which were a combination of ingredients e.g. red rose and bamboo juice for treating smallpox

Question 18

Which women would provide medical care in medieval times?

Answer 18

Wise woman, the lady of the manor and nuns

Question 19

What were the two main charts used by physicians to diagnose illness?

Answer 19

Urine charts and Zodiac charts

Question 20

What were the two methods of bleeding done by medical people?

Answer 20

Cupping (slicing a vein) and Leeches

Question 21

What did people believed caused tooth ache?

Answer 21

A tooth worm

Question 22

Why was the Catholic church important in medical care in medieval times?

Answer 22

The church encouraged people to prayer for deliverance from illness, people could buy indulgences (special prayers) and go on a pilgrimage to special shrines for a cure, monks and nuns treated people and copied out medical books.

Question 23

Can you name famous medieval shrines?

Answer 23

The most famous pilgrimage was to the Holy Land, but in England you could visit Canterbury, Walsingham, Glastonbury or the Priory at Bridlington where St John of Bridlington’s grave was a source of miracles.

Question 24

How many hospitals did the church set up in the 12th and 13th centuries?

Answer 24

160

Question 25

What places of learning did The Church help to establish?

Answer 25

The church set up university schools of medicine in Europe where physicians were trained using the texts of Galen and Hippocrates

Question 26

How did the medieval church limit medical progress?

Answer 26

The church made it difficult for scholars to dissect human bodies, the church’s insistence that Galen’s work should be used limited progress in understanding the human body, Scientists who tried to challenge Galen’s work were often arrested e.g. Roger Bacon

Question 27

What was cauterisation?

Answer 27

Cauterisation, where very hot metal was applied to wounds to stop bleeding and was often painful or fatal

Question 28

What diagram was used to treat wounds caused by weapons?

Answer 28

The Woundman

Question 29

What did Robert Grosseteste encourage?

Answer 29

Scientific enquiry and experiment.

Question 30

How did Bishop Lanfranc assist medicine?

Answer 30

Bishop Lanfranc constructed a decent house of stone. He divided the main building into two, one for ill men and the other for women in a bad state of health. He made arrangements for their clothing and daily food.

Question 31

What medieval hospital helped prgnant women?

Answer 31

St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London ,1123

Question 32

Which hospital helped "poor and silly people".

Answer 32

St Mary of Bethlehem, 1247

Question 33

Why were medieval towns so unhealthy?

Answer 33

Close housing, No waste disposal, contaminated rivers, buthcher's waste in the streets, cesspits for human waste next to wells, animals roamed the streets, rotting food was sold, clothes were very dirty, people drank "small beer".

Question 34

Which medieval town tried to clean up?

Answer 34

Coventry

Question 35

How did Coventry improve its public health?

Answer 35

Every man cleaned the street in front of his house, 1420 waste collection started, waste pits and dung hills were moved outside the town, toilets over the stream were banned and buthchers were stopped from throwing animal parts into waterways.

Question 36

List 5 causes of the plague, according to medieval people.

Answer 36

Bad smells, Four Humours out of balance, comets, planet alignment, Jews poisoning water, wearing fancy clothes, sin, dancing in the streets, long hair, Miasma (evil spirits), God is angry, earthquakes in China

Question 37

How did people try to avoid the plague?

Answer 37

Praying, burning tall candles, avoid baths, avoid sex, clean filth from streets, bathe in urine, attend church

Question 38

How did people treat the plague?

Answer 38

Pop buboes, attach a live chicken to the buboes, drink a mixture of vinegar and mercury, flagellation, bleeding

Question 39

What were the results of the Black Death?

Answer 39

Wages increased for the workers left alive, 1:3 people died, Workers rights improved, many religious people died, towns became deserted

Question 40

How did Islam improve medicine?

Answer 40

translated medical books, used clinical observation, understood hygiene, set up hospitals

Question 41

How did Islam hinder medicine?

Answer 41

banned dissection, prayed to Allah as a cure

Question 42

What did Ibn al - Nafis discover

Answer 42

He discovered how blood was circulated

Question 43

Who was the most famous Muslim surgeon?

Answer 43

Abulcasis

Question 44

What was the most common cause of death during surgery in medieval times?

Answer 44

Pus and infection

Question 45

Which Italin wrote surgical books such as Cyrurgia which encouarged a more antispetic approach to surgery?

Answer 45

Theodoric of Lucca