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Computer Science > GCSE - Data Represenation > Flashcards

GCSE - Data Represenation Flashcards

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1
Q

Algorithm

A

A sequence of logical instructions for carrying out a task. In computing, algorithms are needed to design computer programs.

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2
Q

What is ASCII?

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A 7-bit character set used for representing English keyboard characters.

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3
Q

What is base 2?

A

A number system that contains two digits, 0 and 1. Also known as binary.

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4
Q

What is binary?

A

A number system that contains two symbols, 0 and 1. Also known as base 2.

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5
Q

What is a binary tree?

A

A data structure in which each node has a maximum of two child nodes.

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6
Q

What is a bit?

A

A 1 or a 0.

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7
Q

What is bit depth?

A

The number of bits available to store an audio sample.

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8
Q

What is a bit pattern?

A

A number of bits that together represent something, for example a character.

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9
Q

What is bit rate?

A

In computing, the number of bits processed per second.

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10
Q

What is a byte?

A

A unit of data containing 8 bits.

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11
Q

What is a charachter set?

A

A table of data that links a character to a number. This allows the computer system to convert text into binary. Examples are ASCII and Unicode.

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12
Q

What is color depth?

A

The amount of bits available for colours in an image.

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13
Q

What is compresion?

A

A method of reducing file sizes, particularly in digital media such as photos, audio and video.

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14
Q

What is Data?

A

Units of information. In computing there can be different data types, including integers, characters and Boolean. Data is often acted on by instructions.

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15
Q

What are decimals?

A

Another name for the number system that contains the digits 0 to 9. Also known as denary or base 10. Decimal fractions are numbers where the fraction is indicated by the use of a full stop, eg 4.1 or 6.3.

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16
Q

What is denary?

A

The number system most commonly used by people. It contains 10 unique digits 0 to 9. Also known as decimal or base 10.

17
Q

What is a digit?

A

A single whole number value from 0 to 9, especially when used in a larger number. For example, the number 752 has 3 digits.

18
Q

What is a Gigabyte?

A

Gigabyte (GB) - a measurement of file size or storage capacity, 1,024 megabytes, or 1 billion bytes.

19
Q

What is a hexadecimal?

A

A number system using 16 symbols from 0-9 and A-F, also known as base 16 and hex.

20
Q

What are JPEGs?

A

Joint Photographic Experts Group - JPEG is a digital image format which uses lossy compression.

21
Q

What is Lossless?

A

A form of compression that encodes digital files without losing detail. Files can also be restored to their uncompressed quality.

22
Q

What is lossy?

A

A form of compression that reduces digital file sizes by removing data.

23
Q

What is a megabyte?

A

Megabyte (MB) - a measurement of file size or storage capacity. 1,048,576 bytes.

24
Q

What is metadata?

A

Data about data, eg photo image files have data about where the photo was taken and which camera took the picture.

25
Q

What is a MP3?

A

A standard audio file format which uses lossy compression. Compatible with most media players. Designed by the Moving picture experts group - layer 3.

26
Q

What is a MPEG?

A

Moving Picture Experts Group – Layer 4 - a standard video file format using lossy compression.

27
Q

What is a Nibble?

A

Half a byte, 4 bits.

28
Q

What is a PDF?

A

Portable Document Format - a file format developed by Adobe in an effort to standardise the way documents are shared.

29
Q

What are pixels?

A

Picture element - a single dot of colour in a digital bitmap image or on a computer screen.

30
Q

What are PNGs?

A

Portable network graphics - a digital image format that uses lossless compression.

31
Q

What is resolution?

A

The fineness of detail that can be seen in an image - the higher the resolution of an image, the more detail it holds. In computing terms, resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi).

32
Q

What is a sample?

A

A digitally recorded fragment of sound, taken from an existing track or sound environment.

33
Q

What is sample rate?

A

How many samples of data are taken per second. This is normally measured in hertz, eg an audio file usually uses samples of 44.1 kHz (44,100 audio samples per second).

34
Q

What is a string?

A

A sequence of characters often stored as a variable in a computer program. These characters can include numbers, letters and symbols.

35
Q

What is a truth table?

A

A table to list the output for all possible input combinations into a logic gate.

36
Q

What is unicode?

A

A system of encoding text in computing widely used on the internet.

Computer Science (3 decks)

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