Gcse Biology (Might Come Up) Paper 1 Flashcards
Cell
The basic unit of all forms of life
Eukaryotic cells
Cells with a genetic material enclosed in a nucleus – e.g. plant and animal cells.
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacterial cells; these don’t have a nucleus to enclose their genetic material.
Cell Membrane
. It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Nucleus
The enclosure for genetic material found in plant and animal cells. It controls the activities of the cell.
Cytoplasm
The interior of a cell, where most of the chemical reactions take place.
Mitochondria
The sub-cellular structure where aerobic respiration takes place
Ribosome
The sub-cellular structure where proteins are made (synthesised)
Chloroplast
A sub-cellular structure responsible for photosynthesis – only found in plant cells and algal cells.
Permanent Vacuole
A sub-cellular structure only found in plant and algal cells – it is filled with cell sap (a store of nutrients for the cell).
Cell Wall
A sub-cellular structure that is never found in animal cells. It is made of cellulose, it is outside the cell membrane and it strengthens the cell.
Plasmid
A small loop of extra DNA, only found in prokaryotic cells.
Multicellular
This describes an organism that is made of lots of cells – such as animals or plants.
Specialized cells
Cells that perform a certain function.
