GCSE Biology Flashcards
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a selectively permeable membrane
What can cause osmosis?
Differences in concentration in/out of the cell
What is active transport?
Allows cells to move from an area of low to high concentration against the concentration gradient
What does active transport enable?
Sugar used for cell respiration to be absorbed from the gut into the blood
What are 4 adaptions for exchanging materials?
1) large surface area
2) thin membrane
3) efficient blood supply
4) being ventilated (animals)
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that spreads disease
How can pathogens be spread?
Air
Water
Direct contact
What is phagocytosis?
Cells engulfing pathogens
What is an antigen?
A molecule on the surface of a pathogen recognised by the immune system
What is an antibody?
A protein produced by white blood cells that recognises and binds to antigens
What is a vaccination?
When a small amount of a pathogen is injected into a patient which gives them IMMUNITY
What could be used in a pathogen?
Toxins
Parts of a pathogen
Weakened form
Similar pathogens
What are the advantages of vaccinations?
Less chance of catching disease
Herd immunity
Saves money
What is a disadvantage of vaccinations?
Small chance of side effects
