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GCSE Flashcards

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1
Q

By what year was Germany producing lots

A

By 1913 Germany was producing more iron and steel and as much coal as Britain

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2
Q

How many Germans voted for the SPD

A

1 in 3

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3
Q

Who were the Kaisers supporters

A

Advisers, ministers, chancellor, reichstag, rich business men and landowners

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4
Q

When did Germany unify

A

1871

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5
Q

What is a bundesrat

A

State representative

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6
Q

How were the German states linked

A

Loosely linked with similar culture and language

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7
Q

Why did the states unify

A

The king of Prussia (the Kaiser) wanted to unite all the German speaking states to become more powerful

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8
Q

What does weltpolitik mean

A

World policy the kaiser wanted Germany to be a global power and to control other countries

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9
Q

When were the naval laws introduced

A

Between 1898 and 1912

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10
Q

When did a Serbian kill and Austrian

A

28th June 1914 a Serbian killed archduke Franz Ferdinand

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11
Q

When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia

A

28th July 1914

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12
Q

When did the deadly flu epidemic Happen

A

1918

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13
Q

Who told German politicians that they would never won the war

A

General Lundenorff in October 1918

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14
Q

When did the Kaiser flee the country

A

9th November 1918

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15
Q

Who took the kaisers place temporarily

A

Friedrich Ebert leader of SPD

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16
Q

When, where, and who came up with the treaty of Versailles

A

In the palace of Versailles, the French, British, and USA came up with the treaty in March 1919

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17
Q

When did Germany sign the treaty

A

28th June 1919

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18
Q

What were the terms of the treaty

A

£6.6 billion payed in reparations
Germany had to hand over its colonies to the winning countries
Rhineland became a demilitarized zone
Germany never allowed to unite with A-H again

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19
Q

What did the German army reduce to

A

100,000 soldiers, six battleships and no submarines, tanks or Air Force

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20
Q

What was it called when the treaty was forced upon them

A

diktat dictated peace

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21
Q

What did Friedrich Ebart do

A

He guaranteed freedom of speech, freedoms of religion and he declared that Germany would be a democratic republic with no Kaisers

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22
Q

What is communism

A

The idea that everyone is equal, there is no private property, there is little need for money or laws and eventually there’s no need for a government

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23
Q

Who were the Spartacists and when did they try to take over Berlin

A

They were a group of communists who wanted the country to be run by small councils
6th January 1919

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24
Q

How did Ebart respond to the Spartacists

A

He sent 2000 free corps to deal with them, the arrested and killed the leaders

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25
Q

When did Ebart hold and election

A

Late Jan 1919 and his own party won

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26
Q

Which groups of people didn’t like proportional representation

A

Older army generals, judges, upper-class families, rich people, rich factory owners and university professors because they longed for the ‘good old days’

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27
Q

What were the politicians known as who ended the way

A

November criminals

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28
Q

What was article 48

A

Meaning he could make decisions without the reichstags approval

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29
Q

How often was the president elected

A

Every 7 years

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30
Q

Who chose the chancellor

A

The president

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31
Q

What was the Weimar constitution

A

Formal set of rules of how Germany should be governed was very democratic
meant all Germans had equal rights and all women over 20 could vote

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32
Q

Left wing parties

A

Communist party
Social Democratic Party
German Democratic Party

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33
Q

Right wing parties

A

People’s Party
National people’s party
National socialist German workers (Nazis)

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34
Q

Who supported the SPD

A

Mostly working class

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35
Q

Who supported the Nazis

A

Unemployed, mainly ex soldiers, some support from those who feared communists

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36
Q

What was a weakness of the Weimar constitution

A

Proportional representation

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37
Q

How often were the members of the reichstag elected

A

Every 4 years

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38
Q

What was the start of the Weimar Republic

A

On the 11th 1919 February Ebart and politicians met up in Weimar to discuss how to run the country

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39
Q

How did the hyperinflation crisis begin

A

Late 1922 Germany fell behind in reparations so in Jan 60,000 French and Belgium troops sent to the Ruhr to demand the goods they were owed
German government used passive resistance and ordered all its workers to go on strike but continued to pay them so more money needed to be printed

40
Q

Negative impacts of hyperinflation crisis

A

People living on pensions and savings, their money was now worthless
Small businesses collapsed as by the time they bought new stock the prices had increased so much they couldn’t afford it
Workers had to run from work with money to buy food before their wages were worthless

41
Q

Positive impacts of the hyperinflation crisis

A

Those who had debts or loans could pay them back with 1 note
The rich who had land and possessions weren’t affected
rich businessmen bought the bankrupt businesses

42
Q

Kapp Putsch

A

Right winged uprising on 13th March 1920

wanted to overthrow the Wiemar republic

43
Q

Red rising in the Ruhr

A

Workers in the Ruhr tried to start a communist revolution after Kapp fled the country
21st March the red army tried to take over many towns

44
Q

What was the Munich Putsch

A

Hitler plotted to take over Munich with Kahr and Lossow and he got SA ready to rebel
in Oct, K+L called off the rebellion putting Hitler in bad position
8th Nov 1923 Hitler interrupted meeting that K+L were holding and locked them in there until they agreed to rebel.
next day Hitler marched through Munich thinking it would be a successful rebellion but he was met with police as Kahr had called them he was arrested

45
Q

How many people died in the Munich Putsch

A

3 policemen and 16 Nazis

46
Q

Hitler’s trial and imprisonment

A

trial lasted 24 days sentenced to 5 years but only did 9 months

47
Q

How did the Munich Putsch impact Hitler

A

He realised he’d have to change his strategy. the nazis would have to stand in elections and win votes so he organised:
Hitler youth, propaganda campaigns, set up SS

48
Q

Why did people vote for the Nazis

A

Organised and looked professional
promised to never let hyperinflation happen again and cancel treaty of Versailles
reduce unemployment
blackmailed people into voting for them

49
Q

From when to when did Gustav Stresseman solve some of Germany’s problems

A

Between 1924 and 1929

50
Q

What was policy 1

A

Introduce a new currency, the rentenmark

burned old notes however those who lost their money weren’t compensated to resentful towards Wiemar republic

51
Q

What was policy 2

A

Persuade the french to leave the ruhr so he called off the strike as the French still hadn’t left
seen as week because he gave in to the French

52
Q

What was policy 3

A

Germanys relationships with other countries

Signed Locarno pact in 1925 with Britain, France, belgium and Italy promising not tot invade

53
Q

What was policy 4

A

Continue to pay reparations
Reparations agreed to Dawes plan in 1924 which gave Germany longer to pay back the debt
In 1929 the young plan lowered the amount paid

54
Q

What was policy 5

A

Rebuilding the German economy

Organised big loan from USA as part of the Dawes plan

55
Q

When was the wall street crash and why was this a problem for Germany

A

29th October 1929

USA recalled loans they had given to Germany as part of the Dawes plan

56
Q

In may 1928 how many unemployed and how many seats held by Nazis

A

650,000 unemployed 12 seats

57
Q

In march 1933 how many unemployed and how many seats held by Nazis

A

6,100,000 unemployed and 288 seats

58
Q

When did hitler become chancellor

A

1933

59
Q

How were businessmen affected by the Wall Street crash

A

Most businesses closed but if they managed to stay open their income fell because nobody had enough money to spend

60
Q

How were young people affected by the Wall Street crash

A

In 1933 over half of all Germans aged between 16 and 30 were unemployed

61
Q

How were farmers affected by Wall Street crash

A

In the 20s farmers hadn’t done well and by the 30s they slipped further into debt

62
Q

How were factory workers affected by the Wall Street crash

A

40% of all factory workers were unemployed by 1932 at the same time the government cut unemployment funds to save money

63
Q

What did the government do about the depression

A

They raised taxes, cut wages and reduced unemployment benefits, this caused the collapse of the government as SPD withdrew from coalition

64
Q

How many times was article 48 used in 1930

A

5

65
Q

How many times was article 48 used in 1932

A

60

66
Q

Who was Bruning

A

Was a chancellor and tried to seize rich people’s land and Hindenburg withdrew his support because he owned a lot of land and then bruning resigned

67
Q

Failure of Wiemars leaders

A

Hindenburg, Von Papen and Schleicer were main culprits as more concerned with their own positions than manipulating democracy

68
Q

In the presidential election how many votes did hitler and hindenburg get

A

Hindenburg: 19.4 million
Hitler: 13.4 million
It was clear the government could not run without the cooperation of the nazis

69
Q

Long term bitterness

A

Anger about WW1 and the treaty caused bitterness which appealed to Hitler’s viciousness and people supported him

70
Q

Ineffective constitution

A

Weaknesses in constitution crippled the government and many wanted a return to dictatorship

71
Q

Money

A

Hitler had financial support from wealthy businessmen to fund propaganda and election campaign

72
Q

Propaganda

A

This persuaded the German masses to blame the Jews for what happened and that hitler was their last hope

73
Q

Programme

A

Hitler proposed something to everybody so people supported him

74
Q

Attacks on other parties

A

The SA attacked Jews and those who opposed hitler

75
Q

Personal qualities

A

Hitler was a great speaker who was a good organiser and politician

76
Q

Economic depression

A

People wanted someone to blame for the crisis and looked for extreme solutions. Hitler offered both and people turned to him out of desperation

77
Q

Recruited by Hindenburg

A

Hindenburg was forced to turn to hitler and so at first he offered the post of vice chancellor but hitler demanded he became chancellor

78
Q

When did hitler become chancellor

A

30th January 1933 and Von papen was vice

79
Q

What did hitler do immediately after he became chancellor

A

He held an election at the reichstag to make the nazis the majority party

80
Q

What was the Reichstag fire

A

27th February 1933 Dutch communist Van der Lubbe was caught at the scene of the fire and Hitler automatically blamed the communists but they denied it and said it was a nazi plot as an excuse to make communists look bad in upcoming election

81
Q

What happened the day after the fire

A

Hitler persuaded Hindenburg to use article 48 and pass the law ‘protection of the people and the state’. This gave hitler power to arrest anyone opposing the government. many opponents arrested and SA intimidated people

82
Q

What percentage of the seats did nazis win in 5th march elections and what did Hitler to to the communists

A

44%

He used the state of emergency to stop the communists from taking their seats

83
Q

How many seats did nazis and communists win in 5th march elections

A

Nazis: 288 seats
Communists: 81 seats

84
Q

Why did hitler call the election

A

To get 2/3 majority in order to pass the enabling act

85
Q

What did the enabling act allow hitler to do and how did he manage to pass it

A

To make his own laws without the support of the Reichstag
He promised center party that if they supported him he would restore civil liberties
He closed down all other ploitical parties meaning Nazis were the only party

86
Q

When was the enabling act passed

A

23 march 1933

87
Q

When were the trade unions closed down and who did they mainly contain

A

May 1933 contained mainly communists

88
Q

What happened with the pope

A

On 20th June 1933 he signed concordat meaning hitler could do what he wanted as long as it didn’t interfere with Catholicism in Germany

89
Q

When was the night of the long knives and what was Hitler’s problem with the SA

A

30th June 1934

Now that he was in control of Germany, he no longer needed SA and realised they were a threat to his control

90
Q

Who was the leader of the SA and what did he want

A

Roehm and he wanted the SA to take control of the German army to make him more powerful that Hitler

91
Q

What happened during the night of the long knives

A

Hitler used SS to arrest and kill SA who were having a meeting in Munich. over the next few days many were arrested and shot 200 in total including Roehm

92
Q

How did hitler justify his actions

A

He said he ‘saved the nation’ and the reichstag accepted this without question because it consisted of only nazis

93
Q

When did Hindenburg die

A

2 August 1934 aged 87 he was the only person higher up than Hitler so he immediately declared himself president and took the title Fuhrer

94
Q

Who were the SS

A

Formed in 1925 and was the parties own police force. after the night of the long knives became the most important military group within the state

95
Q

Who was the SS leader

A

Henrich Himmler

96
Q

What was the gestapo and who was the leader

A

Secret police force Reinhard Heydrich

job to search out nazi opponents and had power to arrest and imprison them

History (8 decks)

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