Gavin

Question 1

species richness

Answer 1

number of species in an area/site; a balance of immigration and extinction

Question 2

alpha diversity

Answer 2

the biodiversity within sites

Question 3

gamma diversity

Answer 3

total biodiversity in the region

Question 4

beta diversity

Answer 4

measures how different the samples are across the sites, or the turnover species

Question 5

jaccard coefficient

Answer 5

a/ a+b+c
a = no. species found in both sites
b = no. species found in site 1 but not 2
c = no. species found in site 2 but not 1

Question 6

if sites are nested

Answer 6

we can predict the identities of species absent in smaller sites

Question 7

isolation and area

Answer 7

immigration rates increase with area
immigration rates decline with isolation
extinction rates decrease with area
extinction rates increase with isolation

Question 8

defaunation in the florida keys

Answer 8

simberloff and wilson

Question 9

macroecology

Answer 9

ecology, biogeography, paleobiology and micro/macro evolution come together
covers wide spatial and temporal scales

Question 10

latitudinal diversity gradient

Answer 10

species richness increases closer to the equator

Question 11

what determines species richness in a community on a global scale

Answer 11

climatic/ environmental factors - ecology

historical factors - evolution

Question 12

climatic factors to species richness

Answer 12

productivity/energy

spatial and habitat heterogeneity

Question 13

historical processes to species richness

Answer 13

tropical cradles to diversity
tropical museums of diversity
out of the tropics

Question 14

net diversification

Answer 14

speciation rate - extinction rate

Question 15

tropical cradles

Answer 15

tropics home to young, rapidly speciating lineages

Question 16

tropical museums

Answer 16

tropics home to old, relictual species

Question 17

out of the tropics

Answer 17

species that form in the tropics and move to extratopics
speciation peaks in the tropics
extinction rate declines in the tropics

Question 18

most advantageous site size:

Answer 18

several small = better for maximum diversity if sites are complementary
single large site better for minimising negative impacts of edge effects
single large supports larger populations and allows longer term persistence

Question 19

probability theory

Answer 19

if 2 events are independent of each other, then the probability of both occurring is the probability of one occurring multiplied by the probability of the other occurring

Question 20

ideally, small separate sites need..

Answer 20

to be far enough apart that disturbances like fires impact each site independently
but close enough together to allow dispersal and recolonisation