Gastrulation Flashcards

1
Q

The process by which one group of cells or tissues causes another set of cells or tissues to change their fate?

A

Induction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What produces the signal?

A

Inducer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What responds to the signal?

A

Responder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

Process by which the epiblast forms all 3 germ layers (ectoderm, mesoder, endoderm).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the primitive streak?

A

Part of epiblast which orchestrates dorsal-ventral and cephalic-caudal axes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens during invagination?

A

Epiblast cells migrate through primitive streak and repopulation the hypoblast to form the definitive endoderm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mesoderm?

A

Cells between the ectoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mesenchylmal cells are what?

A

Embryonic connective tissue that originates from the mesoderm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)?

A

Epithelial cells lose their organization and migrate as mesenchymal cells where they help to form the mesoderm and neural tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

From what end does the prechordal plate originate?

A

cephalic (cranial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The prechordal plate allows for part of the embryo to develop?

A

Oropharyngeal membrane

Future site of oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prenotochordal cells come from where?

A

Hypoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The notochordal cells detach from where to form the notochord?

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Remnants of notochord become what part of the vertebra?

A

Nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the amniotic cavity connect with yolk sac?

A

The primitive pit and the neurenteric canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The allantois forms from where?

A

Yolk stalk

No function in mammals

17
Q

What type of cysts from faulty partitioning of notochordal plate can compress spinal cord?

A

Neurenteric cysts

18
Q

What body axes does the primitive streak develop? (3)

A

Cranial-caudal (probably during morula stage)

Dorso-Ventral

Laterality

19
Q

Situs inversus totalis

A

Condition where organs are positioned in a mirror image

20
Q

Sirenomelia

A

Congenital disorder where the legs are fused together

21
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

Forebrain fails to divide into two hemispheres

22
Q

Angio-meaning

A

relating to blood vessels

23
Q

Vasculogenesis

A

Blood vessels form from blood islands

24
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Blood vessels sprouting from blood vessels

25
Q

FGF2

A

Induces mesoderm cells to form hemangioblasts

26
Q

VEGF

A

Induces these cells to form blood cells in the center of the island and peripheral vessels.

27
Q

Through what process does the embryo receive nutrients prior to week 4?

A

Diffusion

Later, capillaries develop and the connecting stock becomes the umbilical cord.

Capillary system is established when heart begins to beat