Gastrointestinales & Gentourinary System Flashcards
Esophagus
Ösophagus
Speiseröhre
Cystic duct
Ductus Cysticus
Gallenblasengang
Common hepatic duct
Ductus hepaticus
communis
Lebergang
The common bile duct
Ductus
Choledochus
Hauptgallengang
bile ducts
Ductus Biliferus
Gallengänge
peritoneum
is a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it. It helps to support the abdominal organs and provides a smooth surface that reduces friction between the organs as they move.
Peritoneum
Bauchfell
pylorus
lower part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum
Pylorus
Magenpförtner
Duodenum
Duodenum
Zwölffingerdarm
Jejunum
Jejunum
Leerdarm
Ileum
Ileum
Krummdarm
Caecum
Zäkum
Blinddarm
appendix
Appendix
Wurmfortsatz
Colon
Kolon
Grimmdarm
Rectum
Rektum
Mastdarm
Sigmoid colon
Sigma
Teil des Dickdarms
Anus
Anus
After
Sphincter
Sphinkter
Schließmuskel
pancreas
Pankreas
Bauchspeicheldrüse
Mesentery
fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall. It provides support and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that supply the intestines. The mesentery helps stabilize the position of the intestines while allowing for their movement.
Mesenterium
Gekröse
Lesser omentum
is a fold of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum. It plays a role in providing support and containing blood vessels and lymphatics for these organs.
Omentum minus
Kleines Netz
Greater omentum
large fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach and covers the intestines. It functions as a protective layer, helps to insulate the abdominal organs, and plays a role in immune response and fat storage.
Omentum majus
Größes Netz
intestines
Entere
Zum Darm gehörend
Gastroscopy
Gastroskopie
Magenspiegelung
Colonoscopy
Koloskopie
Darmspiegelung
laparoscopy
Laparoskopie
Bauchspiegelung
„Bauchspiegelung“; Inspektion der Bauchhöhle mit einem Endoskop
proctoscopy
Rektoskopie
Mastdarmspiegelung, Enddarmspiegelung
polyp
der Polyp / die -en
Tumor aus der Schleimhaut eines Hohlorgans hervorwachsender
Whipple operation
Whipple-OP
Pankreasoperation nach Whipple
aphagia
Aphagie
Unfähigkeit zu Schlucken
Unfähigkeit= inability
esophageal varices
Ösophagusvarizen
Speiseröhrenkrampfadern
gastric diverticulum
Magendivertikel
Ausstülpung der Magenwand
Ausstülpung= protrusion
gastric ulcer
Ulcus ventriculi
Magengeschwür
duodenal ulcer
Ulcus duodeni
Zwölffingerdarmgeschwür
peptic ulcer
Ulcus pepticum
Geschwür im Magendarmtrakt
appendicitis
Appendizitis
Wurmfortsatzentzündung
Entzündung des Wurmfortsatzes
adhesion
Adhäsion
Verwachsung
Volvulus
Volvulus
Darmverdrehung
gallstone ileus
Gallensteinileus
Darmverschluss aufgrund von Gallensteinen
malabsorption
Malabsorption
Mangelhafte Aufnahme von Substraten
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Colon irritabile
Reizdarmsyndrom
ulcerative colitis
Colitis ulcerosa
Chronische Darmentzündung
Crohn’s disease
Crohn-Krankheit
Chronische Darmentzündung
Morbus Crohn, Enteritis regionalis
diverticulosis
Divertikulose
Auftreten vieler Schleimhautausstülpungen
Auftreten zahlreicher Divertikel
hernia
Hernie
Eingeweidebruch
hiatal hernia
Hiatushernie
Krankhafter Durchtritt von Magenanteilen durch das Zwerchfell
Durchtritt = passage
femoral hernia
Femoralishernie
Schenkelhernie
diaphragmatic hernia
Zwerchfellhernie
Durchtritt von Bauchorganen durch das Zwerchfell
reducible
reponierbar (adj)
zurückschiebbar (adj)
non reducible
nicht reponierbar (adj)
nicht zurückschiebbar (adj)
incarcerated (adj)
inkarzeriert (adj)
Eingeklemmt (adj)
strangulated (adj)
Stranguliert (adj)
abgeschnürt (adj)
esophagitis
Ösophagitis
Entzündung der Speiseröhre
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit
Entzündung der Speiseröhre aufgrund von Rückfluss der Magensäure
Gastritis
Gastritis
Magenschleimhautentzündung
Peritonitis
Peritonitis
Bauchfellentzündung
Invagination = intussusception
Invagination
(Darm-)Einstülpung
duodenal obstruction
Duodenalverschluss
Dünndarmverschluss
paralytic ileus
Paralytischer Ileus
Darmstillstand
celiac disease
Zöliakie
Glutenunverträglichkeit
diverticulitis
Divertikulitis
Entzündete Schleimhautausstülpungen
Entzündung eines Divertikels
meteorism
It refers to the condition of excessive gas in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to bloating, distension, and discomfort.
Meteorismus
Blähsucht = flatulence
anal fissure
Analfissur
Afterriss
fistula
Fistel
Pathologische rohrförmige
Verbindung zwischen zwei
Hohlorganen
rectal prolapse
Rektumprolaps
Mastdarmvorfall
Colingitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
Cholangitis
Entzündung der Gallenwege
cholelithiasis
Cholelithiasis
Gallensteinleiden
portal hypertension
Portale Hypertonie
Pfortaderhochdruck
flatulence
It refers to the accumulation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract, which is then expelled through the rectum. Flatulence can cause bloating and discomfort.
Flatulenz
Blähung
constipation
Obstipation
Verstopfung
jaundice, icterus
Ikterus
Gelbsucht
anal abscess
Analabszess
Eiteransammlung des Afters
Eiter = pus
cholecystitis
Cholezystitis
Gallenblasenentzündung
Entzündung der Gallenblase
Liver abscess
Leberabszess
Eiteransammlung in der Leber
Pancreatitis
Pankreatitis
Bauchspeicheldrüsenentzündung
melena
Meläna
Teerstuhl
heartburn
Pyrosis
Sodbrennen
ileostomy
It is a surgical procedure where an opening (stoma) is created in the abdominal wall to divert the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) to the outside of the body. This allows waste to exit the body into a pouch attached to the stoma, bypassing the colon and rectum
Ileostoma
Künstlicher Darmausgang
gynecomastia
It refers to the enlargement of breast tissue in males, which can occur due to hormonal imbalances, medications, or other underlying conditions.
Gynäkomastie
Ein- oder doppelseitige Vergrößerung der Brustdrüse beim Mann
Einseitige = unilateral
Doppelseitige = bilateral
pregnancy
Gravidität
Schwangerschaft
Hydrosalpinx
refers to a condition where the fallopian tube is filled with fluid, typically due to blockage or inflammation. This can lead to infertility and pelvic pain.
Hydrosalpinx
Ansammlung seröser Flüssigkeit
in den Eileitern
Hydroureter
refers to the dilation or swelling of the ureter due to a build-up of urine. This condition often results from an obstruction in the urinary tract that impedes the normal flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder.
Hydroureter
Gestauter Harnleiter
gestaut (adj) = congested
Harnleiter = ureter
hemoglobinuria
Hämoglobinurie
Ausscheidung von Blutfarbstoff im Harn
Ausscheidung= excretion
Harn = urine
hirsutism
It refers to excessive or abnormal hair growth in women in areas where men typically grow hair, such as the face, chest, or back
Hirsutismus
Vermehrte androgenabhängige Behaarung z.B: Bartwuchs bei Frauen
intermenstrual
refers to the period between menstrual cycles or any symptoms or occurrences happening between menstrual periods.
Intermenstruel
Zwischen zwei Regelblutungen
Regelblutungen = menstrual periods
achalasia
Achalasie
Erschlaffung
Tenesmus
refers to a feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation, often accompanied by pain or cramping
Tenesmus
Schmerzhaften Stuhldrang
vomiting
Emesis / Vomitus
Erbrechen
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis
Magendarmgrippe
salmonellosis
infection caused by Salmonella bacteria, typically leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and vomiting. It is commonly transmitted through contaminated food or water.
Salmonellose
eine Form der Gastroenteritis, die durch Bakterien aus der Gruppe der Salmonellen verursacht wird
chicken protein allergy
allergic reaction to proteins found in chicken meat, which can cause symptoms such as hives, swelling, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis.
Hühnerproteinallergie
eine Nahrungsmittelallergie, die durch Eiweiß- und Eigelb-Allergene verursacht wird und meist bereits im Säuglingsalter auftritt.
mycetismus
refers to mushroom poisoning, which occurs after the ingestion of toxic mushrooms. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the type of mushroom but may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and, in severe cases, organ failure.
Myzetismus
Pilzintoxikation
dyspepsia
It refers to a group of symptoms associated with discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, including bloating, nausea, and indigestion.
Dyspepsie
Verdauungsstörung
antiemetics
medications used to prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting. They are commonly used to manage symptoms related to motion sickness, chemotherapy, and gastrointestinal disorders.
Antiemetika
Arzneimittel gegen Übelkeit und Erbrechen
antacids
Antizidie
Arzneimittel zur Neutralisierung der Magensäure
intrauterine device (IUD)
Spirale
Ein Verhütungsmittel
cholestasis
Cholestase
Gallestauung
diarrhea
Diarrhoe
Durchfall
diverticulum
Divertikel
Ausstülpung der Wand eines Hohlorgans
hepatomegaly
Hepatomegalie
Lebervergrößerung
hematemesis
Hämatemesis
Bluterbrechen
hepatopathy
Hepatopathie
Lebererkrankung
hyperemesis
Hyperemesis
übermäßiges und anhaltendes Erbrechen
anhaltend (adj) = persistent
proctitis
Proktitis
Entzündung des Mastdarms
sialolithiasis
Salivary stone disease
Sialolithiasis
Speichelsteinleiden
stomatitis
Stomatitis
Entzündung der Mundschleimhaut
obesity
Adipositas
Fettsucht
anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa
Magersucht
ascites
Aszites
„Bauchwassersucht“; Ansammlung von Flüssigkeit in der freien Bauchhöhle
bulimia
Bulimie
Essstörung mit „Fressanfällen“ und provoziertem Erbrechen
hemorrhoids
Hämorrhoiden
knotenförmige Erweiterungen der Venen im Afters
Erweiterungen = Extension
colic
Kolik
krampfartige Schmerzen durch Kontraktion eines Hohlorgans, z . B . Darm-, Nieren-, Gallenkolik
liver cirrhosis
Leberzirrhose
bindegewebige Umwandlung und Schrumpfung der Leber mit zunehmendem Funktionsverlust
nausea
Nausea
Übelkeit, Brechreiz
polyposis
Polyposis
Vorkommen zahlreicher Polypen
Vomitting
Vomitus
Erbrechen
cholangiography
Cholangiographie
Röntgenkontrastdarstellung der Gallengänge
cholecystography
Cholezystographie
Röntgendarstellung der Gallenblase
anastomosis
Anastomose
spontane oder künstlich angelegte Verbindung zwischen Hohlorganen, Gefäßen oder Nerven
appendectomy
Appendektomie
Entfernung des Wurmfortsatzes
cholelitholysis
Cholelitholyse
medikamentöse Auflösung von Gallensteinen
duodenopancreatectomy
Duodenopankreatektomie
Entfernung von Zwölffingerdarm und Bauchspeicheldrüse
gastroenterostomy
Gastroenterostomie
Anlegen einer künstlichen Verbindung zwischen Magen und Dünndarm
ileostomy
Ileostomie
Anlegen einer künstlichen Verbindung zwischen Dünn- darm und Bauchwand
laparotomy
Laparotomie
operative Eröffnung der Bauchhöhle
Hämokkult-Test
Nachweis verborgenen Blutes im Stuhl mittels Teststreifen
antacids
Antazida
Pharmaka zur Neutralisierung der Magensäure
antidiarrhetics
Antidiarrhoika
Medikamente gegen Durchfall
antiemetics
Antiemetika
Mittel gegen Erbrechen
emetics
Emetika
Brechmittel
laxatives
Laxantien
Abführmittel
hypolipidemics
Lipidsenker
Medikamente, die eine Senkung der Konzentration der Blutfette bewirken
Ureter
Ureter
Harnleiter
Urethra
Urethra
Harnröhre
Röhre = tube
Prostate
Prostata
Vorsteherdrüse
Corpus luteum
Corpus luteum
Gelbkörper
Uterus
Uterus
Gebärmutter
cervix
Zervix
Gebärmutterhals
Endometrium
Endometrium
Gebärmutterschleimhaut
Placenta
Plazenta
Mutterkuchen
Vagina
Vagina
Scheide
Hymen
Hymen
Jungfernhäutchen
Labia
Labien
Schamlippen
Scrotum
Skrotum
Hodensack
Adrenal gland
Adrenal
Nebennieren
Menarche
Menarche
Erste Regelblutung
Prenatal
Pränatal
Vor der Geburt
Menstruation
Menstruation
Regelblutung
uterine fibroid
benign tumor that grows in the muscle tissue of the uterus. Uterine fibroids can vary in size and number and may cause symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure on the bladder or rectum.
Uterusmyom
Gutartiger Tumor der Muskulator der Gebärmutter
Oophoritis
inflammation of the ovaries
Oophoritis
Entzündung des Eierstocks
Salpingitis
inflammation of the fallopian tubes
Salpingitis
Entzündung eines/beider Eileiter
Vaginitis
Vaginitis
Scheidenentzündung
dyspareunia
refers to pain or discomfort experienced during sexual intercourse
Dyspareunie
Schmerzen beim Geschlechtsverkehr
Menopause
refers to the point in time when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months, marking the end of menstrual cycles.
Klimakterium/Menopause
Wechseljahre
Hematuria
Hämaturie
Blut im Urin
pollakiuria
refers to the condition of having to urinate frequently, often in small amounts
Pollakisurie
Häufiges Wasserlassen
dysuria
refers to painful or difficult urination, often characterized by a burning sensation
Dysurie
Schmerzhaftes Wasserlassen
Pyelonephritis
infection of the kidney’s renal pelvis and parenchyma, usually caused by bacteria. It typically presents with symptoms such as fever, flank pain, nausea, and vomiting. Pyelonephritis often results from a urinary tract infection that has spread from the bladder to the kidneys.
Pyelonephritis
Nierenbeckenentzündung
galactorrhea
refers to the inappropriate or excessive production of milk from the breasts, unrelated to breastfeeding
Galaktorrhoe
Krankhafter Milchfluss
uterine prolapse
occurs when the uterus descends into or protrudes out of the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic support structures
Uterusprolaps
Gebärmuttersenkung
ovarian cyst
Ovarialzyste
Gutartiger, flüssigkeitsgefühlter Tumor im Eierstock
ovarian torsion
medical emergency where the ovary twists around the ligaments that support it, leading to a cut-off in blood supply. This can cause severe abdominal or pelvic pain and requires prompt surgical intervention to prevent damage to or loss of the ovary.
Ovarialtorsion
Ovarielle Stieldrehung/Drehung des Eierstocks
Vulvitis
inflammation of the vulva, the external part of the female genitalia. It can cause symptoms such as itching, redness, swelling, and pain.
Vulvitis
Entzündung des Scheideneingangs
Vaginismus
condition where there is involuntary contraction of the vaginal muscles, making vaginal penetration painful or difficult. This can cause discomfort during intercourse, gynecological exams, or the use of tampons. It can be associated with psychological factors, physical issues, or both.
Vaginismus
Scheidenkrampf
amenorrhea
refers to the absence of menstruation in women of reproductive age. Amenorrhea can be classified as primary (when menstruation has not started by age 15 or 16) or secondary (when menstruation stops after it has begun)
Amenorrhoe
Ausbleiben der Regelblutung
pyuria
refers to the presence of pus or white blood cells in the urine, typically indicating an infection or inflammation in the urinary tract.
Pyurie
Eiterharn
proteinuria
Proteinurie
Eiweiß im Urin
nocturia
refers to the need to wake up during the night to urinate, which can disrupt sleep
Nykturie
nächtliches Wasserlassen
hydronephrosis
refers to the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine, which occurs when there is an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents urine from draining properly from the kidney
Hydronephrose
Wassersackniere
renal abscess
Nierenabszess
Eiteransammlung in der Niere
Urethritis
Urethritis
Harnröhrenentzündung
urinary incontinence
refers to the involuntary leakage of urine, which can range from occasional minor leaks to complete loss of bladder control
Harninkontinenz
Einnässen/Blasenschwäche
priapism
medical condition characterized by a prolonged and often painful erection that occurs without sexual stimulation or desire
Priapismus
Dauererektion des Penis
testicular torsion
medical emergency where the testicle twists around the spermatic cord, cutting off its blood supply. This condition causes sudden and severe pain, swelling, and requires immediate surgical intervention to prevent permanent damage or loss of the testicle.
Hodentorsion
Hodendrehung
Epididymitis
Epididymitis
Entzündung des Nebenhodens
cystitis
It is an inflammation of the bladder, often caused by an infection. Symptoms typically include frequent, painful urination, urgency, and lower abdominal discomfort.
Zystitis
Blasenentzündung
urethral stricture
refers to a narrowing of the urethra, which can obstruct the flow of urine and lead to symptoms such as difficulty urinating, a weak urine stream, or frequent urinary tract infections.
Harnröhrenstriktur
Verengung der Harnröhre
phimosis
It refers to a condition where the foreskin of the penis cannot be retracted over the glans (head) of the penis. This can cause difficulty with urination, pain, and increased risk of infections.
Phimose
Vorhautverengung
hydrocele
It is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the sac surrounding the testicle, leading to swelling in the scrotum
Hydrozele
Hodenwasserbruch
Orchitis
Orchitis
Hodenentzündung
prostatic hyperplasia or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Prostatahyperplasie
Vergrößerung der Prostata
anovulatory
It describes a condition where the ovaries do not release an egg during the menstrual cycle. This can lead to irregular or absent menstrual periods and can impact fertility.
Anovulatorisch
Ohne Eisprung
Endometriosis
condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. This can cause pain, irregular bleeding, and fertility problems
Endometriosis
Gutartige Erkrankung, bei der Gebärmutterschleimhaut
außerhalb der Gebärmutterhöhle vorkommt
miscarriage
spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus, typically occurring before the 20th week of gestation.
Abort
Fehlgeburt
ectopic pregnancy
Ektope Gravidität
Extrauterinschwangerschaft
gonorrhea
sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonorrhoe
Tripper
orchiectomy
surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles, often performed to treat testicular cancer
Orchiektomie
Hodenentfernung
cystoscopy
medical procedure in which a cystoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light, is inserted into the urethra and advanced into the bladder
Zystoskopie
Blasenspiegelung
hemodialysis
medical procedure used to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform this function adequately
Hämodialyse
Blutwäsche
hysterectomy
surgical procedure to remove the uterus
Hysterektomie
Gebärmutterentfernung
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
In-Vitro-Fertilisation
Künstliche Befruchtung
cesarean section” (or “C-section”)
Kaiserschnitt
Abdominale Schnittentbindung
diuretics
Diuritika
Harntreibendes Mittel
Kontrazeptivum
Kontrazeptivum
Verhütungsmittel
urinary tract
Harntrakt
Kidney
Ren
Niere
glomeruli
Glomeruli
urine
Urin
renal pelvis
Pelvis renalis
Nierenbecken
urinary bladder
Vesica urinaria
Harnblase
micturition
Miktion
Blasenentleerung
testicles / testes
Testes
Hoden
epididymides
Epididymides
Nebenhoden
penis
Penis
Gliedes
semen
Samen
sperms / spermatozoa
Samenzellen
Spermien
penile erection
Erektion
Gliedsteife
male fertility
männliche Zeugungskraft
male reproductive system
female reproductive system
männlichen Geschlechtsorganen
weiblichen Geschlechtsorganen
ovaries
Ovarien
Eierstöcke
oocyte
Ovum
Eizelle
fallopian tube
Tuba uterina
benachbarten Eileiters
mammary gland, female breast
Mamma
Brust
nipple
Papilla mammaria
Mamille
progesterones
Progesterone
estrogens
Östrogene
testosterone
Testosteron
anorchism
Anorchie
angeborenes Fehlen der Hoden
aspermia
Aspermie
fehlende Samenzellen im Erguss
cryptorchidism
Kryptorchismus
Zurückbleiben der Hoden im Abdomen oder im Leistenkanal
orchitis
Orchitis
Hodenentzündung
prostatic cancer
Prostatakarzinom
bösartiger Tumor der Vorsteherdrüse
seminoma
Seminom
bösartiger Hodentumor
Cycle abnormalities
Zyklusanomalien