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Human Physiology Y3 > Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the GIT?

A

Long muscular tube 5m

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2
Q

What are the accessory organs?

A

Salivary glands
Hepato-biliary-pancreatic GI system

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3
Q

General functions of the GIT?

A

Supplying nutrients to the body for bodily functions
Homeostasis of energy, fluid and salt
Integration with other systems
Defence = exposure to external env

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4
Q

What other systems does the GIT integrate with?

A

Hepatbiliar
Cardiovascular - Respiratory
Renal

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5
Q

What are the 4 steps of the digestive system?

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

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6
Q

What does food processing in the body involve?

A

Motility
Secretion
Membrane transport

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7
Q

What muscle is GI?

A

Smooth muscle

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8
Q

What are the pacemaker cells?

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal that generate slow waves

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9
Q

What does BER stand for?

A

Basal electrical rhythm

Inherent electrical activity that occurs spontaneously in certain types of smooth muscles

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10
Q

What regions don’t have their own basal electrical rhythm?

A

Esophagus
Proximal stomach

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11
Q

Why don’t esophagus and proximal stomach have BER?

A

Because of structural differences

They contain a higher proportion of skeletal muscle in addition to smooth muscle

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12
Q

Describe the pacemaker frequency

A

Descending gradient of pacemaker frequency
EXCEPT COLON

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13
Q

What factors influences basal electrical rhythm?

A

Hormones
Nervous activity

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14
Q

What are the effects of nervous activity on BER?

A

Parasympathetic activity increases contractile force
Sympathetic activity decreases contractile force

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15
Q

How does nervous activity change the slow waves?

A

Changes the height of the slow waves and not the frequency

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16
Q

What causes contractions and their force?

A

Only AP leads to contractions
Force of contraction varies with frequency of AP

17
Q

What is the normal state of sphincters?

A

Normally contracted

18
Q

What is the normal state of blood vessels and airways?

A

Normally partially contracted = tone

19
Q

What is the normal state of the stomach and intestines?

A

Phasically active

20
Q

What is the normal state of the esophagus and urinary bladder?

A

Normally relaxed

21
Q

What is the link between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle?

A

Agents that cause relaxation in smooth muscle
Tend to cause contraction in skeletal muscle
And vice versa

Human Physiology Y3 (14 decks)

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