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Abdominal Cavity > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q
  • Is a muscular collapsible tube about 10 in. (25 cm) long that joins the pharynx to the stomach.
  • The esophagus enters the abdomen through an opening in the right crust of the diaphragm.
  • after a course of about 0.5 in (1.5cm), it enters the stomach on its right side.
A

Esophagus

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2
Q
  • Is a muscular collapsible tube about 10 in. (25 cm) long that joins the pharynx to the stomach.
  • The esophagus enters the abdomen through an opening in the right crust of the diaphragm.
  • after a course of about 0.5 in (1.5cm), it enters the stomach on its right side.
A

Esophagus

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3
Q

True or false.

The esophagus is related anteriorly to the posterior surface of the left lobe liver and posteriorly to the left crus of the diaphragm.

The left and right vagi lie on its anterior and posterior surfaces respectively.

A

True

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4
Q

True or false.

The blood supply of arteries of the esophagus are branches from the left gastric artery.

A

True

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5
Q

True or false.

The veins of the esophagus drains into the left gastric vein a tributary of the portal vein.

A

True

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6
Q

True or false.

The limbs drainage of the esophagus is the lymph vessels follow the arteries into the left gastric nodes.

A

True

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7
Q

True or false.

The nurse supply of the esophagus is the anterior and posterior gastric nerves bagay and sympathetic branches of the thoracic part of the sympathetic trunk.

A

True

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8
Q

True or false.

The esophagus conducts food from the pharynx into the stomach.

A

True

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9
Q

Wavelike contractions of the muscular coat is called? That propels the food onward.

A

Peristalsis

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10
Q

True or false.

No anatomics winter exists at the lower end of the esophagus. However the circular layer of smooth muscle in this region serves as a psychologic sphincter.

A

True

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11
Q

True or false.

As the food descends to the esophagus relaxation of the muscle at the lower end occurs ahead of the peristaltic wave so that the food enters the stomach.

The tonic contraction of this sphincter prevents the stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus.

A

True

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12
Q

True or false.

The closure of the sphinter is under vagal control and this can be augmented by the hormone gastrin and reduced in response to secretin, cholecytokinin, and glucagon.

A

True

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13
Q

Is the dilated portion of the alimentary canal.

A

Stomach

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14
Q

Is the dilated portion of the alimentary canal and has three main functions.

A

Stomach

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15
Q

What are the three main functions of the stomach?

A
  1. It stores food and (the adult has a capacity of about 1,500 ml)
  2. It mixes the food with gastric secretions to form a semi fluid called chyme
  3. It controls the rate of delivery of the chime to the small intestine that efficient digestion and absorption can take place.
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16
Q

True or false.

The stomach is situated in the upper part of the abdomen extending from beneath the left coastal margin region into the epigastric and umbilical regions.

Match of the stomach lies undercover of the lower ribs.

A

True

17
Q

The stomach, it is roughly j shaped and has two openings, what are these openings?

A

Cardiac and pyloric orifices

18
Q

The stomach has two curvatures, what are those curvatures?

A

The lesser and greater curvatures

19
Q

The stomach has two surfaces, what are these surfaces?

A

Anterior and posterior surface

20
Q

True or false.

The stomach is relatively fixed at both ends but is very mobile in between it tends to be high and transversely arranged in the short obese person (steer-horn stomach) and elongated vertically in the tall thin person (J-shaped stomach).

A

True

21
Q

The stomach is divided into following parts, what are these parts?

A
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pyloric Antrum
  • Pylorus
22
Q

This is the dome shaped and projects upward and to the left of the cardiac orifice it is usually full of gas.

A

Fundus

23
Q

This extends from the level of the cardiac herpes the level of INCISORA ANGULARIS, a constant notch but in the lower part of the lesser curvature.

A

Body of the stomach

24
Q

The six stands from the ancestura angularis to the pylorus.

A

Pyloric antrum

25
Q

This is the most tubular part of the stomach? The thick muscular wall is called ___________ and the cavity of the pylorus is the _____________.

A

Pylorus; pyloric sphincter and pyloric canal

26
Q
  • Forms the right border of the stomach and extends from the cardiac orifice to the pylorus.
  • It is suspended from the liver by the lesser omentum.
A

Lesser curvature

27
Q

Is much longer than the lesser curvature and extends from the left of the cardiac orifice over the dome of the fundus and along the left border of the stomach to the pylorus.

A

Greater curvature

28
Q

Extends from the upper part of the greater curvature to the spleen and the greater omentum extends from the lower part of the greater curvature then transverse colon.

A

Gastroplenic omentum (ligament)

29
Q

Is where the esophagus enters the stomach.

A

Cardiac orifice

30
Q

Is formed by the pyloric canal which is about 1 in. (2.5 cm) long.

A

Pyloric orifice

31
Q

The circular muscle coat of the stomach is much thicker here and forms the anatomic and physiologic ______________.

A

Pyloric sphincter

32
Q

True or false.

The function of pyloric sphincter controls the outflow of gastric contents into the duodenum.

The sphincter receives motor fibers from the sympathetic system and inhibitory fibers from the vagi.

In addition the pylores is controlled by local nervous and hormonal influences from the stomach and duodenal walls.

For example the stretching of the stomach due to feeling with stimulate the myenteric nerve plexus in its wall and reflexly cause relaxation of the sphincter.

A

True

33
Q

Thick and vascular and is thrown into numerous folds or rugae, that are mainly longitudinal in direction. The folds flattened out when the stomach is distended.

A

Mucous membrane

34
Q

Contains longitudinal fibers, circular fibers, and oblique fibers?

A

Muscular wall of the stomach

Abdominal Cavity (4 decks)

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