Gastrointestinal System and Internal Organs

Question 1

What is the “tube” that connects “cheek to cheek”?

Answer 1

The alimentary canal

Question 2

What are the steps to digestion?

Answer 2

Ingestion
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Defecation

Question 3

What innervates the salivary glads?

Answer 3

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

What is the importance of saliva?

Answer 4

Begins chemical digestion by releasing an enzyme that helps digest starches

Question 5

How does food get from the throat to the stomach?

Answer 5

Peristalsis moves food from the mouth to the stomach via the esophagus

Question 6

What are the 4 areas of the stomach and their functions?

Answer 6

Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pyloric
Secretion, chemical digestion, storage

Question 7

What is the name of the movement of chyme through the GI system?

Answer 7

Peristalsis

Question 8

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 8

Duodenum- neutralize
Jejunum- digest and absorb
Ileum- absorption

Question 9

What are the ways chyme is moved through the gastrointestinal system?

Answer 9

peristalsis and segmentation

Question 10

What is chyme?

Answer 10

partially digested food

Question 11

What kind of tissues are associated with chyme moving through the gastrointestinal system?

Answer 11

Smooth muscle:
longitudinal layer- peristalsis
circular layer- segmentation

Question 12

What innervates the gastrointestinal system that chyme moves through?

Answer 12

the autonomic nervous system

Question 13

What neurotransmitter is released at the effector tissue?

Answer 13

Ach

Question 14

What are the various macronutrients into their respective substrates and the different enzymes associated with each? Where do these enzymes come from?

Answer 14

Carbohydrates are ingested as polysaccharides, digested into monosaccharides, and the primary enzyme is amylase (saliva and pancreas).
Proteins are ingested as polypeptides, digested into amino acids, and the primary enzyme is proteases (stomach and pancreas).
Fats are ingested as triglycerides, digested into fatty acids and monoglycerides, and the primary enzyme is lipases (pancreas).

Question 15

How do substrates get absorbed into the body?

Answer 15

Through villi with many microvilli after being digested into smaller substrates and then entering through the capillaries via passive diffusion

Question 16

Where do substrates eventually go?

Answer 16

The lymphatic system

Question 17

What is the significance/importance of the liver, spleen, gallbladder, and pancreas?

Answer 17

Liver: creates bile, detoxification, metabolism
Spleen: removes red blood cells
Gallbladder: stores bile that is produced by the liver
Pancreas: produce enzymes to send into the small intestine and produce insulin and glucagon for blood sugar regulation

Question 18

What are the various parts of the urogenital system?

Answer 18

kidney, bladder, ureters, urethra