Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Week 9 Gastrointestinal System > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

List the 2 functions of the digestive tract

A

Digestion which allows food to be processed and absorption which allows nutrients to be transferred through the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the accessory organs in digestive tract

A

Salivary glands
Gallbladder
Liver
Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What substance do salivary glands secrete

A

Serous = watery secretion
Mucosa = thicker secretion
Mixed seromucus = mixed watery and thicker secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of saliva

A

Buffers the mouth and aids in tooth structure and taste whilst protecting the surface of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the function of the gallbladder

A

Stores bile and concentrates it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List one of the main functions of the liver

A

Produces bile which helps with fat digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the small intestine composed of

A

Jejunum, duodenum, and ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the large intestine composed of

A

Caecum, ascending colon, transverse, descending colon, rectum and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the initial part of digestion take place

A

Stomach where food is mixed and churned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What lines the interstitial organs

A

Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the outer most layer of the GI tract

A

Serousa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the GI tract, name the layer found underneath serosa layer

A

Longitudinal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What structure is located between the longitudinal muscle layer and circular muscle layer

A

Myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the layer which is deep to the circular muscle

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the plexus which is located between the submucosa and muscularis mucosae

A

Submucosal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the layer which is deep to muscularis muscosae

A

Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe lamina propria

A

This is formed of loose connective tissue and lies beneath epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the connective tissue layer in the GI tract which lies beneath the epithelium

A

Lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What substance does lamina propria contain

A

Inflammatory cells which provide support and nutrients to the overlying epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inflammatory cells are found in which layer of the connective tissue in the GI tract

A

Lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is muscularis mucosae composed of

A

Smooth muscle which continues down the length of GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which layer lies deep to muscularis mucosae

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the composition of Submucosa

A

Dense irregular connective tissue which contains many blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the structure of muscularis propria

A

It’s composed of circular muscle (inner) and longitudinal muscle ( outer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Explain the function of muscle forming muscularis propria

A

The inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle allows for peristalsis of food products and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name the superficial layer covering the organs

A

Adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the 2 nerve plexuses found in GI tract

A

Meisseners

Auerbach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are Meisseners and Auerbach

A

2 nerve plexuses found in the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe the function of Bruner glands

A

Secrete biocarbonate ions which helps neutralise acid from stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Name the glands which help neutralise acid in the stomach and secrete biocarbonate

A

Bruner glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the function of Peyer’s patches

A

Lymphoid follicle that form part of the immune system thus preventing production and growth of harmful bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which structure helps to prevent growth of harmful bacteria and function as lymphoid follicles

A

Peyer’s patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In which layer of the GI tract do Peyer’s patches remain

A

Mucosa layer

34
Q

Where is pharynx located

A

Base of the skull to oesophagus

35
Q

Describe the structure of pharynx

A

Muscular tube

36
Q

List 3 parts of pharynx

A

Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Larynogeal pharynx

37
Q

Describe the structure of oropharynx

A

Soft palate (uvula) to epiglottis ( elastic cartilage)

38
Q

Name the structure which divides into oesophagus and trachea, also allowing the trachea to be covered when swallowing

A

Epiglottis

39
Q

Name the type of lining which is found deepest in the oesophagus

A

Mucosa lining

40
Q

Describe the structure of the mucosa lining

A

Stratified squamous - non keratinised epithelium

41
Q

Name 2 types of epithelium layers which form the mucosa layers

A

Lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

42
Q

Name the middle layer of epithelium lining found in oesophagus

A

Submucosa layer

43
Q

What structures and found in the Submucosa layer

A

Glands and lymphoid follicles

44
Q

What type of muscle is the upper 1/3 of oesophagus composed of

A

Skeletal muscle

45
Q

What is the middle 1/3 of oesophagus composed of

A

Mixed and skeletal muscle

46
Q

What’s is the lower 1/3 of oesophagus composed of

A

Smooth muscle

47
Q

List the 7 regions of the abdomen

A

Right hypochondrium
Epigastrium
Left hypochondrium
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right iliac fossa
Suprapubic - hypogastrium
Left iliac fossa

48
Q

What structure is found in the right hypochondrium

A

Liver

49
Q

Which region of the abdomen is the liver found in

A

Right hypochondrium

50
Q

Name the structures found in the epigastrium

A

Duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and stomach

51
Q

Duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and stomach are found in which region of the abdomen

A

Epigastrium

52
Q

What structures are found in the left hypochondrium

A

Spleen and stomach

53
Q

Spleen and stomach are found in which region of the abdomen

A

Left hypochondrium

54
Q

What structures are found in the right lumbar region

A

Ascending colon and kidney

55
Q

Ascending colon and kidney are located in which region of the abdomen

A

Right lumbar

56
Q

Name the structures found in the umbilical region

A

Stomach , head of pancreas , small intestine (duodenum), transverse colon, lower aspects of right and left kidney

57
Q

The stomach, head of pancreas, duodenum, lower aspects of right and left kidney are found in which region of the abdomen

A

Umbilical

58
Q

Name the structures found in the left lumbar

A

Descending colon and left kidney

59
Q

Descending colon and left kidney are found in which region of the abdomen

A

Left lumbar

60
Q

Name the structures found in the right iliac fossa

A

Caecum, appendix, part of ascending colon

61
Q

Caecum, part of ascending colon and appendix are found in which region of abdomen

A

Right iliac fossa

62
Q

Name the structures found in the suprapubic region

A

Bladder, uterus, ileum of small intestine

63
Q

Bladder, uterus, illeum are found in which region of the abdomen

A

Suprapubic

64
Q

Name the structures found in the left iliac fossa

A

Sigmoid colon and descending colon

65
Q

Descending colon and sigmoid colon are found in which region of the abdomen

A

Left iliac fossa

66
Q

Which region of the abdomen is the stomach located

A

Left hypochondrium

67
Q

In which two regions is the stomach located

A

Left hypochondrium and Epigastrium

68
Q

Which structure is the stomach anterior to

A

Lower ribs and diaphragm

69
Q

Which structures is the stomach superior to

A

Liver

70
Q

Name the structures which are posterior and inferior to the stomach

A

Diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal glands and pancreas

71
Q

Name the curvature of the stomach which is medial

A

Lesser curvature

72
Q

Name the curvature if the stomach which is lateral

A

Greater curvature is lateral

73
Q

What are rugae in the stomach

A

Fold p

74
Q

What do chief cells produce

A

Pepsinogen

75
Q

What do parietal cells produce

A

HCL and intrinsic factor

76
Q

What do endocrine cells produce

A

Gastrin

77
Q

Name of the product when hydrochloric acid breaks down pepsinogen

A

Pepsin

78
Q

Which cells promote the production of hydrochloric acid

A

Endocrine cells that produce gastrin activate parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid

79
Q

What substance does the duodenum revive

A

Chyme

80
Q

Name the glands found in duodenum and the substance they release

A

Bruner glands which release alkaline secretions

81
Q

Alkaline secretions are released from which set of glands in duodenum

A

Bruner glands

82
Q

Which sphincter is found in duodenum

A

Sphincter of oddi

Week 9 Gastrointestinal System (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions