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Week 9 Gastrointestinal System > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

List the 2 functions of the digestive tract

A

Digestion which allows food to be processed and absorption which allows nutrients to be transferred through the blood stream

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2
Q

List the accessory organs in digestive tract

A

Salivary glands
Gallbladder
Liver
Pancreas

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3
Q

What substance do salivary glands secrete

A

Serous = watery secretion
Mucosa = thicker secretion
Mixed seromucus = mixed watery and thicker secretion

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4
Q

What is the function of saliva

A

Buffers the mouth and aids in tooth structure and taste whilst protecting the surface of mouth

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5
Q

Describe the function of the gallbladder

A

Stores bile and concentrates it

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6
Q

List one of the main functions of the liver

A

Produces bile which helps with fat digestion

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7
Q

What is the small intestine composed of

A

Jejunum, duodenum, and ileum

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8
Q

What is the large intestine composed of

A

Caecum, ascending colon, transverse, descending colon, rectum and anus

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9
Q

Where does the initial part of digestion take place

A

Stomach where food is mixed and churned

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10
Q

What lines the interstitial organs

A

Mucosa

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11
Q

Name the outer most layer of the GI tract

A

Serousa

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12
Q

In the GI tract, name the layer found underneath serosa layer

A

Longitudinal muscle

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13
Q

What structure is located between the longitudinal muscle layer and circular muscle layer

A

Myenteric plexus

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14
Q

Name the layer which is deep to the circular muscle

A

Submucosa

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15
Q

Name the plexus which is located between the submucosa and muscularis mucosae

A

Submucosal plexus

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16
Q

Name the layer which is deep to muscularis muscosae

A

Mucosa

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17
Q

Describe lamina propria

A

This is formed of loose connective tissue and lies beneath epithelium

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18
Q

Name the connective tissue layer in the GI tract which lies beneath the epithelium

A

Lamina propria

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19
Q

What substance does lamina propria contain

A

Inflammatory cells which provide support and nutrients to the overlying epithelia

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20
Q

Inflammatory cells are found in which layer of the connective tissue in the GI tract

A

Lamina propria

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21
Q

What is muscularis mucosae composed of

A

Smooth muscle which continues down the length of GI tract

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22
Q

Which layer lies deep to muscularis mucosae

A

Submucosa

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23
Q

Describe the composition of Submucosa

A

Dense irregular connective tissue which contains many blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels

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24
Q

Describe the structure of muscularis propria

A

It’s composed of circular muscle (inner) and longitudinal muscle ( outer)

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25
Explain the function of muscle forming muscularis propria
The inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle allows for peristalsis of food products and nutrients
26
Name the superficial layer covering the organs
Adventitia
27
Name the 2 nerve plexuses found in GI tract
Meisseners Auerbach
28
What are Meisseners and Auerbach
2 nerve plexuses found in the GI tract
29
Describe the function of Bruner glands
Secrete biocarbonate ions which helps neutralise acid from stomach
30
Name the glands which help neutralise acid in the stomach and secrete biocarbonate
Bruner glands
31
Describe the function of Peyer’s patches
Lymphoid follicle that form part of the immune system thus preventing production and growth of harmful bacteria
32
Which structure helps to prevent growth of harmful bacteria and function as lymphoid follicles
Peyer’s patches
33
In which layer of the GI tract do Peyer’s patches remain
Mucosa layer
34
Where is pharynx located
Base of the skull to oesophagus
35
Describe the structure of pharynx
Muscular tube
36
List 3 parts of pharynx
Oropharynx Nasopharynx Larynogeal pharynx
37
Describe the structure of oropharynx
Soft palate (uvula) to epiglottis ( elastic cartilage)
38
Name the structure which divides into oesophagus and trachea, also allowing the trachea to be covered when swallowing
Epiglottis
39
Name the type of lining which is found deepest in the oesophagus
Mucosa lining
40
Describe the structure of the mucosa lining
Stratified squamous - non keratinised epithelium
41
Name 2 types of epithelium layers which form the mucosa layers
Lamina propria and muscularis mucosae
42
Name the middle layer of epithelium lining found in oesophagus
Submucosa layer
43
What structures and found in the Submucosa layer
Glands and lymphoid follicles
44
What type of muscle is the upper 1/3 of oesophagus composed of
Skeletal muscle
45
What is the middle 1/3 of oesophagus composed of
Mixed and skeletal muscle
46
What’s is the lower 1/3 of oesophagus composed of
Smooth muscle
47
List the 7 regions of the abdomen
Right hypochondrium Epigastrium Left hypochondrium Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right iliac fossa Suprapubic - hypogastrium Left iliac fossa
48
What structure is found in the right hypochondrium
Liver
49
Which region of the abdomen is the liver found in
Right hypochondrium
50
Name the structures found in the epigastrium
Duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and stomach
51
Duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and stomach are found in which region of the abdomen
Epigastrium
52
What structures are found in the left hypochondrium
Spleen and stomach
53
Spleen and stomach are found in which region of the abdomen
Left hypochondrium
54
What structures are found in the right lumbar region
Ascending colon and kidney
55
Ascending colon and kidney are located in which region of the abdomen
Right lumbar
56
Name the structures found in the umbilical region
Stomach , head of pancreas , small intestine (duodenum), transverse colon, lower aspects of right and left kidney
57
The stomach, head of pancreas, duodenum, lower aspects of right and left kidney are found in which region of the abdomen
Umbilical
58
Name the structures found in the left lumbar
Descending colon and left kidney
59
Descending colon and left kidney are found in which region of the abdomen
Left lumbar
60
Name the structures found in the right iliac fossa
Caecum, appendix, part of ascending colon
61
Caecum, part of ascending colon and appendix are found in which region of abdomen
Right iliac fossa
62
Name the structures found in the suprapubic region
Bladder, uterus, ileum of small intestine
63
Bladder, uterus, illeum are found in which region of the abdomen
Suprapubic
64
Name the structures found in the left iliac fossa
Sigmoid colon and descending colon
65
Descending colon and sigmoid colon are found in which region of the abdomen
Left iliac fossa
66
Which region of the abdomen is the stomach located
Left hypochondrium
67
In which two regions is the stomach located
Left hypochondrium and Epigastrium
68
Which structure is the stomach anterior to
Lower ribs and diaphragm
69
Which structures is the stomach superior to
Liver
70
Name the structures which are posterior and inferior to the stomach
Diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal glands and pancreas
71
Name the curvature of the stomach which is medial
Lesser curvature
72
Name the curvature if the stomach which is lateral
Greater curvature is lateral
73
What are rugae in the stomach
Fold p
74
What do chief cells produce
Pepsinogen
75
What do parietal cells produce
HCL and intrinsic factor
76
What do endocrine cells produce
Gastrin
77
Name of the product when hydrochloric acid breaks down pepsinogen
Pepsin
78
Which cells promote the production of hydrochloric acid
Endocrine cells that produce gastrin activate parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid
79
What substance does the duodenum revive
Chyme
80
Name the glands found in duodenum and the substance they release
Bruner glands which release alkaline secretions
81
Alkaline secretions are released from which set of glands in duodenum
Bruner glands
82
Which sphincter is found in duodenum
Sphincter of oddi

Week 9 Gastrointestinal System (2 decks)

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