Digestion & Absorption Flashcards
What are triglycerides formed of
Glycerine and 3 fatty acids
Name the 9 essential amino acids
Phenylalanine
Valine
Tryptophan
Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Leucine
Lysine
Name 3 monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Name 2 substances which form sucrose
Glucose and fructose
Name 2 substances which form Maltose
Glucose and glucose
Name 2 substances which form lactose
Sucrose and galactose
Name the proteolytic enzymes released as zymogens
Trypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Elastase
Chymotripsin
Describe the function of the liver
Production and secretion of bile
Emulsifies fatty acids
Helps with absorption of fats which form complex micelles
Which two amino acids are amphipathic
Glycine and taurine
What substance does cholesterol produce
Bile salts
Where in the GI tract does most digestion takes place and promotes activation of pepsin
Duodenum
Name the main digestive enzyme produced in duodenum
Enterokinase
In which region of the small intestine does nutrient absorption take place
Illeum
Name the zymogen which activates tryosinogen
Enterokinase
What feature helps further digestion in small intestine brush border
Enzymes - lactase, sucrose and Maltase
Where are the brush border enzymes located
Plasma membrane attached to the teosinte
Describe the process of digestion in the mouth
Mastication takes place and a bonus is formed
Starch is broken down through amalyse to maltotriose, maltose and a limit dextrin
What type of digestion does the mouth take part in
Digestion of carbohydrates- starch
Name the substance not produced in mouth during digestion
Proteins
Describe digestion process in the stomach
Bolus from mouth enter the stomach and interacts with the gastric juices - chyme
This results in inactivation of alpha amalyse and thus no more digestion of carbohydrates
Hydrochloric acid denatures proteins which activates pepsin. This causes endopeptidase to cleave proteins producing smaller peptides.
Gastric lipase is present but not involved in protein digestion
Describe digestion process in duodenum
Further digestion takes place as the chyme mixes with pancreatic juices and alkaline bile. Bicarbonate in pancreatic juice helps to neutralise chyme thus resulting in loss of protein digestion as pepsin is not longer produced
Further digestion of carbohydrates takes place as a- amylase further digests starch, as well as the brush border enzymes - sucrase, maltase and lactase heals breakdown of carbohydrates into monosaccharides.
Proteins are broken down further into smaller proteins through trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and carboxypeptidases. This reduces the smaller peptides and dipeptides. The brush border peptidases produces dipeptides and amino acids.
