Digestion & Absorption

Question 1

What are triglycerides formed of

Answer 1

Glycerine and 3 fatty acids

Question 2

Name the 9 essential amino acids

Answer 2

Phenylalanine
Valine
Tryptophan
Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Leucine
Lysine

Question 3

Name 3 monosaccharides

Answer 3

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 4

Name 2 substances which form sucrose

Answer 4

Glucose and fructose

Question 5

Name 2 substances which form Maltose

Answer 5

Glucose and glucose

Question 6

Name 2 substances which form lactose

Answer 6

Sucrose and galactose

Question 7

Name the proteolytic enzymes released as zymogens

Answer 7

Trypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Elastase
Chymotripsin

Question 8

Describe the function of the liver

Answer 8

Production and secretion of bile
Emulsifies fatty acids
Helps with absorption of fats which form complex micelles

Question 9

Which two amino acids are amphipathic

Answer 9

Glycine and taurine

Question 10

What substance does cholesterol produce

Answer 10

Bile salts

Question 11

Where in the GI tract does most digestion takes place and promotes activation of pepsin

Answer 11

Duodenum

Question 12

Name the main digestive enzyme produced in duodenum

Answer 12

Enterokinase

Question 13

In which region of the small intestine does nutrient absorption take place

Answer 13

Illeum

Question 14

Name the zymogen which activates tryosinogen

Answer 14

Enterokinase

Question 15

What feature helps further digestion in small intestine brush border

Answer 15

Enzymes - lactase, sucrose and Maltase

Question 16

Where are the brush border enzymes located

Answer 16

Plasma membrane attached to the teosinte

Question 17

Describe the process of digestion in the mouth

Answer 17

Mastication takes place and a bonus is formed
Starch is broken down through amalyse to maltotriose, maltose and a limit dextrin

Question 18

What type of digestion does the mouth take part in

Answer 18

Digestion of carbohydrates- starch

Question 19

Name the substance not produced in mouth during digestion

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

Describe digestion process in the stomach

Answer 20

Bolus from mouth enter the stomach and interacts with the gastric juices - chyme
This results in inactivation of alpha amalyse and thus no more digestion of carbohydrates
Hydrochloric acid denatures proteins which activates pepsin. This causes endopeptidase to cleave proteins producing smaller peptides.

Gastric lipase is present but not involved in protein digestion

Question 21

Describe digestion process in duodenum

Answer 21

Further digestion takes place as the chyme mixes with pancreatic juices and alkaline bile. Bicarbonate in pancreatic juice helps to neutralise chyme thus resulting in loss of protein digestion as pepsin is not longer produced

Further digestion of carbohydrates takes place as a- amylase further digests starch, as well as the brush border enzymes - sucrase, maltase and lactase heals breakdown of carbohydrates into monosaccharides.

Proteins are broken down further into smaller proteins through trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and carboxypeptidases. This reduces the smaller peptides and dipeptides. The brush border peptidases produces dipeptides and amino acids.