Gastrointestinal system

Question 1

Which vertebrae contribute to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

The five lumbar vertebrae

Question 2

Anterior, lateral and posterior walls of abdomen are composed of

Answer 2

skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscles and their associated aponeuroses (flat tendons)

Question 3

Functions of the abdominal wall

Answer 3

protect the abdominal viscera, maintain posture and move trunk and increase intra-abdominal pressure (for defecation and childbirth)

Question 4

Internal aspect of abdominal wall is lined with a serous membrane called

Answer 4

parietal peritoneum

Question 5

Several bony landmarks define the boundaries of the abdominal cavity

Answer 5

Xiphisternum
Costal margin
Iliac crests
Anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS)
Pubic tubercles
Pubic symphysis (a fibrocartilaginous joint)

Question 6

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of

Answer 6

splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein and superior mesenteric vein

Question 7

Hepatocystic triangle

Question 8

Calot’s triangle

Question 9

Structures that pass through the porta hepatis

Answer 9

Portal vein, hepatic ducts, hepatic arteries

Question 10

Falciform ligament

Question 11

Ligamentum teres

Question 12

Umbilical vein

Question 13

Lobes of the liver

Answer 13

Left, right, caudate and quadrate

Question 14

Segments in the liver

Answer 14

8 segments

Question 15

Ductus venosus

Answer 15

is a shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver in fetal circulation

Question 16

Guarding

Answer 16

Indicated by tenderness upon contact, where muscles try to protect (by tensing) against the pressure due to contact also shown by pain or discomfort

Question 17

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 17

also known as Ampulla of Vater, a spherical structure located at the site of the confluence of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct, marking the entry point of bile into the second portion of the duodenum.

Question 18

porta hepatis

Answer 18

hilum of the liver, deep, short, transverse fissure that passes across the left posterior aspect of the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver

Question 19

How can pain in the right shoulder be an indication of GI problem?

Answer 19

If gallbladder rubs against diaphragm, pain from diaphragm is felt in right shoulder tip and down lateral part of arm (deltoid). This is because of

Question 20

where does the aorta bifurcate

Answer 20

The aortic bifurcation is the point at which the abdominal aorta bifurcates into the left and right common iliac arteries. The aortic bifurcation is usually seen at the level of L4, just above the junction of the left and right common iliac veins.

Question 21

Gallbladder innervation

Answer 21

Para - Vagus
Symp - Coeliac Plexus (greater splanchnic nerve (T5,6,7,8,9)

Question 22

Pain from gallbladder will be felt where

Answer 22

Epigastrium

Question 23

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 23

Drains all of the bowel (divides into secondary capillary bed), brings nutrients for processing (except fats)