Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

Two main groups of the digestive system

Answer 1

Alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs

Question 2

What is the alimentary canal also called?

Answer 2

Gastrointestinal tract or gut

Question 3

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 3

A continuous, coiled hollow muscular tube that winds through the ventral body cavity from stomach to anus.

Question 4

Organs of the alimentary canal

Answer 4

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Question 5

Which opening does the large intestine lead to?

Answer 5

Terminal opening or anus 

Question 6

In a cadaver, the alimentary canal is approximately how many meters or feet long?

Answer 6

9 m or 30 feet long

Question 7

A part of the mouse that protects the anterior opening.

Answer 7

Lips or labia

Question 8

The lateral walls of the mouth.

Answer 8

Cheeks

Question 9

Anterior roof of the mouth

Answer 9

Hard palate

Question 10

Posterior roof of the mouth

Answer 10

Soft palate

Question 11

Fleshy finger like projection of the soft palate

Answer 11

Uvula

Question 12

Space between lips and cheeks externally, and the teeth and gums internally

Answer 12

Vestibule 

Question 13

Area contained by the teeth

Answer 13

Oral cavity proper

Question 14

Occupies the floor of the mouth and has several bony attachments

Answer 14

Muscular tongue

Question 15

Fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Answer 15

Lingual frenulum

Question 16

Name the three parts of the pharynx

Answer 16

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 17

The two skeletal muscle layers of the pharynx

Answer 17

Inner layer cells and outer layer cells

Question 18

It runs from the pharynx to the diaphragm to the stomach

Answer 18

Esophagus

Question 19

What is peristalsis

Answer 19

A propelling mechanism

Question 20

What are the four basic tissue layers that make up the walls of the alimentary canal organs?

Answer 20

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa

Question 21

It is the innermost layer of the four basic tissue layers

Answer 21

Mucosa

Question 22

What does the mucosa consist primarily of?

Answer 22

A surface epithelium, a small amount of connective tissue (lamina propria), and a scanty smooth muscle layer

Question 23

What kind of tissue is the esophagus made of?

Answer 23

Friction resisting stratified squamous epithelium

Question 24

A soft, connective tissue layer beneath the mucosa

Answer 24

Submucosa

Question 25

The muscle layer of the esophagus and is made up of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells

Answer 25

Muscularis externa

Question 26

The outer most layer of wall that consists of a single layer of visceral peritoneum

Answer 26

Serosa

Question 27

This a flat serus fluid producing cell

Answer 27

Visceral peritoneum 

Question 28

Where is the stomach located

Answer 28

Left side of abdominal cavity, and is nearly hidden by liver and diaphragm

Question 29

The stomach varies from ______ in length

Answer 29

15 to 25 cm or 6 to 10 inches

Question 30

When full the stomach can hold up to how many liters

Answer 30

4 L or 1 gallon 

Question 31

Rugae happens when the mucosa is thrown into large folds when an empty stomach collapses inward on itself. What does rugae mean?

Answer 31

Wrinkle or fold

Question 32

Is the region of the stomach surrounding cardioesophageal sphincter

Answer 32

Cardial region or Cardia

Question 33

It is the expanded part of the stomach and is lateral to the cardial region

Answer 33

Fundus

Question 34

The middle portion region of the stomach

Answer 34

Body

Question 35

Is the funnel shaped terminal part of the stomach that is continuous with the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter or valve

Answer 35

Pylorus

Question 36

It protects the stomach wall from being damaged by acid and digested by enzymes.

Answer 36

Bicarbonate-rich alkaline mucus

Question 37

What is the substance produced by stomach cells that are needed for absorption of vitamin B 12 from the small intestine

Answer 37

Intrinsic factor

Question 38

Cells that produce protein digesting enzymes

Answer 38

Chief cells

Question 39

Cells that produce corrosive hydrochloric acid and makes the stomach contents acidic 

Answer 39

Parietal cells 

Question 40

Cells in the stomach that produce a thin acidic mucus

Answer 40

Mucous neck cells

Question 41

Cells that produce local hormones, such as gastrin

Answer 41

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 42

Where in the stomach does the most digestive activity occur?

Answer 42

Pyloric region 

Question 43

Result after food has been processed in the stomach

Answer 43

Chyme

Question 44

The chime enters the small intestine through the _______

Answer 44

Pyloric sphincter

Question 45

What covers the abdominal organs like a lacy apron?

Answer 45

Greater omentum

Question 46

What Is the body’s major digestive organ?

Answer 46

Small intestine 

Question 47

The small intestine extends from the _____ to the _____.

Answer 47

Pyloric sphincter to the large intestine 

Question 48

The average length of the longest section of the alimentary tube

Answer 48

2 to 4 m or 7 to 13 feet 

Question 49

The small intestine is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall, except the

Answer 49

Duodenum or the initial part 

Question 50

Three subdivisions of the small intestine

Answer 50

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum 

Question 51

What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine? 

Answer 51

 Duodenum jejunum and ileum