Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Two main groups of the digestive system
Alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs
What is the alimentary canal also called?
Gastrointestinal tract or gut
What is the alimentary canal?
A continuous, coiled hollow muscular tube that winds through the ventral body cavity from stomach to anus.
Organs of the alimentary canal
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
Which opening does the large intestine lead to?
Terminal opening or anus 
In a cadaver, the alimentary canal is approximately how many meters or feet long?
9 m or 30 feet long
A part of the mouse that protects the anterior opening.
Lips or labia
The lateral walls of the mouth.
Cheeks
Anterior roof of the mouth
Hard palate
Posterior roof of the mouth
Soft palate
Fleshy finger like projection of the soft palate
Uvula
Space between lips and cheeks externally, and the teeth and gums internally
Vestibule 
Area contained by the teeth
Oral cavity proper
Occupies the floor of the mouth and has several bony attachments
Muscular tongue
Fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Lingual frenulum
Name the three parts of the pharynx
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
The two skeletal muscle layers of the pharynx
Inner layer cells and outer layer cells
It runs from the pharynx to the diaphragm to the stomach
Esophagus
What is peristalsis
A propelling mechanism
What are the four basic tissue layers that make up the walls of the alimentary canal organs?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa
It is the innermost layer of the four basic tissue layers
Mucosa
What does the mucosa consist primarily of?
A surface epithelium, a small amount of connective tissue (lamina propria), and a scanty smooth muscle layer
What kind of tissue is the esophagus made of?
Friction resisting stratified squamous epithelium
A soft, connective tissue layer beneath the mucosa
Submucosa
The muscle layer of the esophagus and is made up of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells
Muscularis externa
The outer most layer of wall that consists of a single layer of visceral peritoneum
Serosa
This a flat serus fluid producing cell
Visceral peritoneum 
Where is the stomach located
Left side of abdominal cavity, and is nearly hidden by liver and diaphragm
The stomach varies from ______ in length
15 to 25 cm or 6 to 10 inches
When full the stomach can hold up to how many liters
4 L or 1 gallon 
Rugae happens when the mucosa is thrown into large folds when an empty stomach collapses inward on itself. What does rugae mean?
Wrinkle or fold
Is the region of the stomach surrounding cardioesophageal sphincter
Cardial region or Cardia
It is the expanded part of the stomach and is lateral to the cardial region
Fundus
The middle portion region of the stomach
Body
Is the funnel shaped terminal part of the stomach that is continuous with the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter or valve
Pylorus
It protects the stomach wall from being damaged by acid and digested by enzymes.
Bicarbonate-rich alkaline mucus
What is the substance produced by stomach cells that are needed for absorption of vitamin B 12 from the small intestine
Intrinsic factor
Cells that produce protein digesting enzymes
Chief cells
Cells that produce corrosive hydrochloric acid and makes the stomach contents acidic 
Parietal cells 
Cells in the stomach that produce a thin acidic mucus
Mucous neck cells
Cells that produce local hormones, such as gastrin
Enteroendocrine cells
Where in the stomach does the most digestive activity occur?
Pyloric region 
Result after food has been processed in the stomach
Chyme
The chime enters the small intestine through the _______
Pyloric sphincter
What covers the abdominal organs like a lacy apron?
Greater omentum
What Is the body’s major digestive organ?
Small intestine 
The small intestine extends from the _____ to the _____.
Pyloric sphincter to the large intestine 
The average length of the longest section of the alimentary tube
2 to 4 m or 7 to 13 feet 
The small intestine is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall, except the
Duodenum or the initial part 
Three subdivisions of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum and ileum 
What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine? 
 Duodenum jejunum and ileum
