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Medical Term. > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are 2 different word parts for tongue

A

lingu/o-
gloss/o-

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2
Q

What are 2 word parts for saliva

A

saliv/o-
sial/o-

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3
Q

What 4 substances does the stomach secrete

A

hydrochloric acid,pepsinogen, gastrin,intrinsic factor

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4
Q

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejuunum
ileum

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the large intestine

A

cecum
colon
rectum

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6
Q

Where is the liver located

A

URQ

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7
Q

What are the 2 word parts for bile

A

bili/o-
chol/e

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8
Q

What is the word part for gallbladder

A

cholecyst/o

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9
Q

What is the word part for bile duct

A

cholangi/o-

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10
Q

What is the word part for common bile duct

A

choledoch/o

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11
Q

Define mastication

A

tearing,chewing,grinding of food via teeth

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12
Q

Define deglutition

A

swallowing food

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13
Q

define peristalsis

A

movement of the food via muscular contraction

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14
Q

Define defecation

A

elimination process

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15
Q

Define flatus

A

gas that can accompanies feces

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16
Q

Define anorexia

A

decreased appetite because of disease or the GI side effect of a drug

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17
Q

Define dysphagia and the word parts

A

difficult or painful,eating,or swallowing
dys: abnormal,difficult,painful
phag/o- : eating or swallowing
-ia: condition,state,thing

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18
Q

Define polyphagia

A

excessive overeating due to overactive thyroid,DM or physicatric illness

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19
Q

Define glossitis

A

infection or inflammation of the tongue

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20
Q

Define sialolithiasis and the word parts

A

presence of a stone in a salivary gland that blocks salivia and cause swelling
sial/o-: saliva or salivary gland
lith/o- stone
-iasis: state

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21
Q

Define stomatitis and the word parts

A

inflammation of the oral mucosa
stomat/o- : mouth
-itis: infection or inflammation

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22
Q

Define dyspepsia and the word parts

A

temporary epigastric pain; indigestion
dys- : abnormal,difficult,painful
peps/o: digestion
-ia: condition, state

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23
Q

Define esophageal varix

A

swollen,protruding vein in the esophageal mucosa

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24
Q

Define gastritis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach

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25
Q

Define gastroenteritis

A

acute infection or inflammation of the stomach and intestines

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26
Q

Define gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD)

A

chronic irritation due to reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus

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27
Q

Define heartburn

A

temporary irritation of the esophagus due to reflux of stomach acid

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28
Q

Define hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

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29
Q

What is the abbreviation of nausea and vomiting

A

N & V

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30
Q

Define peptic ulcer disease ( PUD)

A

chronic irritation,burning pain, and erosion of the mucosa due to an ulcer

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31
Q

Define stomach cancer and another term for it

A

cancerous tumor of the stomach that begins in gastric mucosal glands; often caused by H.pylori
gastric adenocarcinoma

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32
Q

define ileus

A

absence of normal peristalsis

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33
Q

Define intussusception and the word parts

A

telescoping of 1 intestinal segment inside another
intussuscept/o-: receive within
-ion: action or condition

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34
Q

Define volvulus

A

twisting or rotating of the small intestine around itself; malrotation

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35
Q

Define appendicitis

A

inflammation and infection of the appendix by waste materials trapped inside it

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36
Q

Define colon cancer

A

cancerous tumor of the colon that develops when colonic polyps or ulcerative colitis become cancerous

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37
Q

Define diverticulum

A

weakness in the colon wall forms a pouch

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38
Q

Define diverticulitis

A

feces become trapped in and infect diverticula

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39
Q

Define gluten sensitivity enteropathy

A

autoimmune disorder and toxic reaction to gluten in certain grains; inflammatory response damaged small intestines

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40
Q

Define inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD)

A

chronic inflammation of parts of the small and large intestines

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41
Q

What part are infected in Crohn disease

A

affect ileum and colon

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42
Q

What part of the ulcerative colitis

A

affects the colon and rectum; can cause ulcers

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43
Q

Define irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

condition with cramping,pain, diarrhea,bloating, constipation, and excessive mucus but no inflammation

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44
Q

Define polyposis

A

condition of numerous polyps, which is fleshy benign growths in mucosa

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45
Q

Define pedunculated polyp

A

stalk that support ball shaped top

46
Q

Define sessile polyp

A

mound shape with a broad base

47
Q

Define hemorrhoids

A

swollen,protruding veins

48
Q

Define proctitis

A

inflammation of the rectum due to radiation treatments for cancer with ulcers or infection
proct/o-: rectum
-itis: infection more inflammation

49
Q

Define rectocele

A

a hernia in the wall of the rectum that causes the rectal wall to protrude into the vaginal wall
rect/o: rectum
-cele: hernia

50
Q

Define constipation

A

failure to have regular,soft bowel movements

51
Q

Define diarrhea

A

abnormally frequent,loose,watery feces

52
Q

Define flatulence

A

excessive amounts of gas in the stomach or intestines

53
Q

Define hematochezia and the word parts

A

blood in the feces
hemat/o-: blood
chez/o : pass feces
-ia: condition, state

54
Q

Define steatorrhea

A

feces that contains undigested fats due to a lack of the enzyme lipase

55
Q

Define hernia

A

a defect and weakness in the muscle of the diaphragm or the abdominal wall that allows the intestines to bulge through

56
Q

Define sliding ( reducible hernia)

A

allows the intestines to move freely

57
Q

Define incarcerated hernia

A

traps the intestines

58
Q

Define strangulated hernia

A

cuts off blood supply to incarcerated intestines

59
Q

Define hiatal hernia

A

bulging of the stomach through the diaphragm

60
Q

Define ventral hernia

A

occurs on the ventral abdominal wall

61
Q

Define umbilical hernia

A

occurs at the umbilicus

62
Q

Define omphalocele

A

umbilical hernia present at birth

63
Q

Define inguinal hernia

A

occurs in the groin

64
Q

Define incisional hernia

A

occurs along a suture line from abdominal surgery

65
Q

Define hepatosplenomegaly

A

enlargement of spleen and liver

66
Q

Define peritonitis

A

serious infection of the peritoneum that occurs when the stomach or deodenal wall breaks or the appendix ruptures

67
Q

Define ascites

A

accumulation of ascitic fluids in the abdominopelvic cavity due to increase pressure in abdominal veins

68
Q

Define cirrhosis

A

chronic,progressive inflammation and irreversible degeneration of the liver

69
Q

Define hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of liver,palpable on P.E

70
Q

Define hepatitis

A

infection and inflammation of the liver by the hepatitis virus, most common chronic liver disease

71
Q

Define jaundice

A

unconjugated bilirubin in blood cause yellow discoloration of skin and whites of eyes

72
Q

Define obstructive jaundice

A

a gallstone may be obstructing the bile ducts

73
Q

Define liver cancer

A

secondary cancer that began elsewhere in the body and metastasized to the liver

74
Q

Define gallbladder cancer

A

cancer in the ducts of the gallbladder

75
Q

What are the 3 word parts of cholangiocarcinoma

A

cholangi/o-: bile duct
carcin/o-: cancer
-oma: mass or tumor

76
Q

Define cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile ducts due to cirrhosis or gallstones

77
Q

Define cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder due to blockage of the cystic duct by a gallstone

78
Q

Define cholelithiasis

A

condition of gallstones in the bladder

79
Q

Define pancreatic cancer

A

cancer in the ducts of the pancreas; prognosis for the most patients in poor

80
Q

Define pancreatitis

A

inflammation or infection of the pancreas

81
Q

Defien the laboratory test (CLO)

A

Campylobacter-like organisms
rapid gastric mucosa screening for H.pylori that uses urea containing pads

82
Q

Define the test Gastric Analysis

A

test to measure the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; uses a nasogastric tube to collect stomach contents

83
Q

Define the test Liver function tests (LFTs)

A

panel of blood test that gives a comprehensive picture of liver function
Albumin, GGT,BILIRUBIN,PROTHROMBIN TIME, ALP,ALT,AST

84
Q

Define Barium Enema (BE) procedure

A

x-rays taken after injection with the liquid contrast medium barium
used for polyps,diverticula,ulcerative colitis, and colon cancer

85
Q

Define cholangiography procedure

A

xray taken after injection with iodinated contrast due to outline bile ducts

86
Q

Define cholescintigraphy procedure

A

nuclear medicine procedure with an intravenous radioactive drug to measure the uptake of bile with cystic duct obstruction

87
Q

Define computerized axial tomography ( CAT scan, CT scan)

A

X-ray taken in successive slices to create images of abdominal organs and structures

88
Q

Define flat plate of the abdomen procedure

A

X-ray taken w/o contrast dye as the patient lies supine on the table

89
Q

Define gallbladder ultrasound

A

ultra high frequency sound waves used to produce on image of the gallbladder to show wall thickening and stones

90
Q

Define magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) PROCEDURE

A

images taken in successive slides using a strong magnetic field that causes protons in the body’s atoms to emit a signal

91
Q

Define oral cholecystography (OCG)

A

xray taken after ingestion of iodinated contrast dye tablets to outline bile ducts

92
Q

Define upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) procedure

A

continous; moving xray taken after ingestion of liquid barium, allows visualization of the upper GI tract

93
Q

What are H2 blocker drugs used for

A

block histamine 2 (H2) receptors in the stomach to treat GERD and PUD ( peptic ulcer disease)

94
Q

Define proton pump inhibitor drugs

A

block production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach to treat GERD and PUD

95
Q

Define abdominocentesis

A

removal of fluid from the abdomen using a needle

96
Q

Define appendectomy

A

removal of an infected appendix

97
Q

Define ileostomy

A

procedure involves removal of both the ileum and colon

98
Q

Define bariatric surgery

A

surgery for severe obesity that limits food intake and nutrient absorption

99
Q

Define biopsy

A

removal of a small piece of tissue from an ulcer, polyp, or growth

100
Q

Define bowel resection and anastomosis

A

removal of a portion of diseased intestine ( resection) and joining of the intestines back together ( anastomosis)

101
Q

Define cholecystectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder; usually done laparoscopically
cholecyst/o- : gallbladder

102
Q

Define choledochlithotomy

A

surgery to make an incision in the common bile duct to remove a gallstone
choledoch/o- : common bile duct

103
Q

Define colostomy

A

removal of a diseased part of the colon and creation of an opening in the abdominal wall for feces to pass through

104
Q

Define endoscopy

A

examination of the GI system with a flexible, lighted endoscope

105
Q

Define exploratory laprotomy

A

exploration of the abdominopelvic cavity for evidence of disease or trauma

106
Q

Define gastrectomy

A

removal of all or part of the stomach due to cancer

107
Q

Define gastrostomy

A

procedure to create a temporary or permanent opening in the abdominal wall on order to place a feeding tube

108
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

removal of hemorrhoids from the rectum or from around the anus

109
Q

Define herniorrhaphy

A

closure of a defect in the abdominal muscle wall where there is a hernia

110
Q

Define jejunostomy

A

creation of an opening from the abdominal wall into the jejunum to insert a feeding tube

111
Q

Define liver transplantation

A

removal of a severely damaged liver and insertion of a donor liver in a patient with end stage liver disease

112
Q

Define ploypectomy

A

removal of one or more polyps from the colon using forceps or a wire snare

Medical Term. (4 decks)

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