Dermatology Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 2 word parts to the word Integumentary and what are the means
A
integument/o- : skin
-ary: pretaining to
2
Q
What are the 2 word parts to the word cutaneous and what do they mean
A
cutane/o-: skin
-ous: pertaining to
3
Q
What layer has the protein keratin
A
Epidermis
4
Q
What layer has melanocytes
A
Epidermis
5
Q
What layer has the protein collagen
A
Dermis
6
Q
What layer has the protein elastin
A
Dermis
7
Q
Define Diaphoresis
A
excessive sweating or perspiration that is not due to physical exertion or warm temp
8
Q
Define piloerection
A
occurs when skin is cold aka goosebumps
9
Q
What are the 3 word parts to piloerection and what are the meaning
A
pil/o-: hair
erect/o: stand up
ion: action or condition
10
Q
What are the 6 physiology purpose of skin
A
1) protection
2) repair
3) sensation
4) vitamin D synthesis
5) thermoregulation
6) homeostatsis
11
Q
Define dermatitis and the word parts
A
infection or inflammation of the skin
dermat/o- : skin
-itis: infection of; inflammation of
12
Q
Define hematoma and the word parts
A
elevated localized collection of blood under the skin
-oma: mass or tumor
hemat/o: blood
13
Q
Define edema
A
swelling from excessive amounts of fluid that move from the blood into the dermis and subQ
14
Q
Define hemorrhage
A
injury to the blood vessels that release blood into the skin
15
Q
Define lesion
A
any area of visible damage on the skin or a variation from normal skin
16
Q
What are 8 types of skin lesions
A
cyst
fissure
macule
papule
pustule
scale
vesicle
wheal
17
Q
Define neoplasm and the word parts
A
new growth on the skin, benign or malignant
neo- = new
-plasm= growth
18
Q
Define pruritus
A
the condition of itching; may be associated with many diseases, especially allergic reactions on the skin
19
Q
Define rash
A
a red or pink skin lesion that is flat or raised, itchy or not itchy
20
Q
Define xeroderma and the word parts
A
excessively dry skin
xer/o- : dry
-derma: skin
21
Q
Define albinism
A
genetic mutation in which melanocytes do not produce melanin;
22
Q
Define cyanosis and the word parts
A
a bluish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails
cyan/o : blue
-osis: condition; process
23
Q
Define Erythema
A
reddiscoloration of the skin; may be local or over large areas of skin
24
Q
Define jaundice
A
yellowish discoloration of the skin,mucous membranes, and sclera due to inability of the liver to process bilirubin
25
what is another term for jaundice
icterus
26
Define necrosis and define the word parts
gray to black discoloration of skin due to skin death from a burn,ulcer,wound, or poor blood supply
necr/o: dead tissue
-osis: condition, process
27
Define vitiligo
autoimmune diseases in which melanocytes are slowly destroyed and patches of depigmentation appear
28
Define abrasion
sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis
29
define blister
fluid-filled sac with a thin,transparent covering of epidermal cells; caused by repetitive rubbing injury
30
define burns
caused by heat, hot objects,steam,boiling water, electricity,chemicals and radiation
31
Define superficial burns
epidermis,redness,pain, and blisters
32
Define partial thickness burns
epidermis and upper part of dermis
33
Define full thickness burn
epidermis, entire dermis, subcutaneous tissue
34
Define a corn
callus wuth a hard,central pointed area that cause pain
35
Define callus
thickened,elevated pad on the dermis caused by the repetitive rubbing
36
Define cicatrix
collagen that forms as an injury heals; a scar
37
Define excoriation
superficial injury with a sharp object that creates a linear scratch on the skin
38
Define keloid
firm abnormally large scar that grows larger than the original injury due to the overproduction of collagen
39
Define laceration
linear penetrating wound, may have clean out edges or torn,ragged edges
40
Define pressure injury
ulcer in the skin caused by epidermal and dermal breakdown; associated with constant pressure on the skin that decreases blood flow over bony area
41
Define abscess
localized pus-containing pockets under the skin caused by a bacterial infection ( s.aureus)
42
Define furuncle abscess
abscess around a hair follicle
43
Define carbuncle abscess
several furuncles
44
Define cellulitis
infection and inflammation of the connective tissues of the skin and muscle
45
Define tinea and the 4 different types
fungal infection of the skin; severe itching and burning with red,scaly lesions
tinea capitis: scalp
tinea corporis: trunk and extremities
tinea cruris: groin and genitak
tinea pedis: feet
46
Define verruca
rough, irregular skin lesions caused by the HPV
occurs on hands,fingers, sole of feet
aka wart
47
Define pediculosis
infestation of lice and their eggs ( nits); can occur in the scalp, hair,eyelashes, and genital area
48
Define scabies
infestation of parasitic mites that tunnel under the skin and produce itchy vesicles;caused by the same parasite that causes mange in dogs
49
Define dermatitis
dermatitis caused by physical contact with an allergen or irritant like deodorant,soap,makeup
50
Define urticaria
local allergic reaction to food,plants, animals, insect bites, or drugs caused by a release of histamines and involves raised area of redness and edema that occurs suddenly
ex. hives,wheels, welts
51
Define actinic keratosis
raised rough areas that develop after chronic sun exposure
actin/o-: rays of the sun
52
Define hemangioma
mass of superficial dilated blood vessels present at birth; usually disappears without treatment
53
Define lipoma
rounded growth of adipose tissue in the skin
lip/o- : fat
-oma: mass or tumor
54
Define nevus
lesion that comes in a variety of shapes and colors
present at birth
55
Define papilloma
soft,flesh-colored growth that protrudes from the skin;grows as a flap or polyp on a stalk
56
Define senile lentigo
light to dark brown,flat macules that occurs in the skin in areas exposed to the sun; also called age spots or liver spots
57
Define syndactyly and the word parts
condition in which the skin and tissues between the toes or fingers are joined
syn-: together
-dactyly: condition of the fingers or toes
58
Define basal cell carcinoma
most common
begins in the basal epidermis; slow-growing cancer that appears as a raised,pearly bump
59
Define malignant melanoma
most dangerous
begins in melanocytes; fast growing and spreading cancer
60
Define squamous cell carcinoma
begins in the squamous epidermis; slow-growing red bumps or ulcer
61
Define Kaposi Sarcoma
affects skin,subQ,mucous membranes and internal organs; elevated; irregular,dark-reddish blue masses on the skin
62
Define psoriasis
autoimmune disorder in which too many abnormal epidermal cells are produced; produces itch,silvery scales and plaques
63
Define scleroderma
autoimmune disorder in which the skin and internal organs harden due to abnormal collagen deposits
scler/o-: hard
-derma: skin
64
Define systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE)
autoimmune disorder in which collagen in the skin and connective tissues deteriorates;characterized by butterfly rash on nose and cheeks
65
Define acne vulgaris
chronic skin condition of an adolescence; sebum hardness and blocks hair follicles,producing comedos
66
Define rosacea
chronic skin condition of middle age; skin has blotchy erythema and dilated blood vessels, secretes to much sebum
67
Define seborrhea
overproduction of sebum at any time other than adolescence; results in alternating oily areas and dry;scaly skin
68
Define anhidrosis
congenital absense of sweat glands; no sweat is produced and heat is intolerable
69
Define diaphoresis
profuse sweating; may indicate a serious underlying condition like myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism or drug withdrawal
70
Define alopecia
loss of hair from the scalp due to disease, medication or changes in hormone levels
71
Define hirsutism
presence of excessive,dark hair on the forearms and upper lip of women;caused by hormones changes associated with a tumor of the adrenal cortex
72
Define clubbing and cyanosis
abnormal downward curve and bluish coloration of the fingernails accompanied by stunted growth of the finger; associated with lack of oxygen in cystic fibrosis
73
Define onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nail; nail root is infected and the nail is deformed as it grows
onych/o- : fingernail,toenail
myc/o: fungus
-osis: condition
74
What is the culture and sensitivity test
growth of bacteria taken from a wound or lesion in a lab; colonies are used to make diagnosis and to determine the correct antibiotic treatment
75
What is RAST test
blood mixed with an allergen to measure the amount of IgE produced in response; used to identify an allergy and its severity
76
Define Tzanck test
scraping of fluid from a vesicle to produce a slide for microscope inspection;used to diagnose herpes and shingles
77
Define the wood lamp or light test
UV light used to highlight areas of abnormal skin
vitiligo appear bright white
tinea capitis appear blue green
78
Define cryolipdysis
treatment for unwanted fat deposits;cold device applied to the skin freezes fat cells and cause them to crystalize and die
79
Define cryosurgery
treatment for benign or small malignant lesions; liquid nitrogen is applied to the lesion to freeze it and kill it
80
Define electrosurgery
treatment for begign or small malignant lesions;electricity evaporates cellular contents and kills cells
81
Define skin resurfacing
treatment to improve skin apperance; involves removal of part of the epidermis
-chemical peel
-dermabrasion
- laser resurfacing
-microdermabrasion
82
Define ultherapy
treatment for wrinkles on the face and neck;ultrasound wave stimulate production of new collagen
83
Define coal tar drugs
treat psoriasis by slowing multiplication of epidermal cells;applied topically
84
Define corticosteroid drugs
treat inflammation by suppressing the immune response;may be topical or oral
85
Define photodynamic therapy (PDT)
treat skin cancer with a combination of a laser light and a photosensitizing drug
86
Define psoralen drugs
treat psoriasis along with ultraviolet light
87
What are vitamin A type drugs used for
acne vulgaris and severe cystic acne; may be topical or oral
88
What are the word parts for the word biopsy
bi/o- = living tissue
-opsy= process of viewing
89
Define dermatoplasty
any type of plastic surgery to the skin; included grafting,keloid removal, and face lifts
90
Define Mohs surgery
removal of skin cancers with irregular shapes and depths; operating microscope is used to examine each layer removed
91
Define rhytidectomy
removal of wrinkles to tighten loose skin on the face; may be accompanied by blepharoplasty
rhytid/o- wrinkle
-ectomy: surgical removal
92
Define skin grafting
use of human or artificial skin to provide a temporary covering or permanent layer of skin over a burn or wound
93
Define allograft
cadaver or dead body
94
Define autograft
taken from another part of the pt's own body
95
Define synthetic grafting
collagen fibers
96
Bx
biopsy
97
C & S
culture and sensitivity
98
HAI
healthcare associated infection
99
PDT
phototdynamic therapy
100
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosis
101
PUVA
psoralen and ultraviolet A
102
Abbreviations of subcutaneous
SQ
subcu
subQ
103
UVB
ultraviolet light B
