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Medical Term. > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 word parts to the word Integumentary and what are the means

A

integument/o- : skin
-ary: pretaining to

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2
Q

What are the 2 word parts to the word cutaneous and what do they mean

A

cutane/o-: skin
-ous: pertaining to

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3
Q

What layer has the protein keratin

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

What layer has melanocytes

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

What layer has the protein collagen

A

Dermis

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6
Q

What layer has the protein elastin

A

Dermis

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7
Q

Define Diaphoresis

A

excessive sweating or perspiration that is not due to physical exertion or warm temp

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8
Q

Define piloerection

A

occurs when skin is cold aka goosebumps

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9
Q

What are the 3 word parts to piloerection and what are the meaning

A

pil/o-: hair
erect/o: stand up
ion: action or condition

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10
Q

What are the 6 physiology purpose of skin

A

1) protection
2) repair
3) sensation
4) vitamin D synthesis
5) thermoregulation
6) homeostatsis

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11
Q

Define dermatitis and the word parts

A

infection or inflammation of the skin
dermat/o- : skin
-itis: infection of; inflammation of

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12
Q

Define hematoma and the word parts

A

elevated localized collection of blood under the skin
-oma: mass or tumor
hemat/o: blood

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13
Q

Define edema

A

swelling from excessive amounts of fluid that move from the blood into the dermis and subQ

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14
Q

Define hemorrhage

A

injury to the blood vessels that release blood into the skin

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15
Q

Define lesion

A

any area of visible damage on the skin or a variation from normal skin

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16
Q

What are 8 types of skin lesions

A

cyst
fissure
macule
papule
pustule
scale
vesicle
wheal

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17
Q

Define neoplasm and the word parts

A

new growth on the skin, benign or malignant
neo- = new
-plasm= growth

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18
Q

Define pruritus

A

the condition of itching; may be associated with many diseases, especially allergic reactions on the skin

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19
Q

Define rash

A

a red or pink skin lesion that is flat or raised, itchy or not itchy

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20
Q

Define xeroderma and the word parts

A

excessively dry skin
xer/o- : dry
-derma: skin

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21
Q

Define albinism

A

genetic mutation in which melanocytes do not produce melanin;

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22
Q

Define cyanosis and the word parts

A

a bluish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails
cyan/o : blue
-osis: condition; process

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23
Q

Define Erythema

A

reddiscoloration of the skin; may be local or over large areas of skin

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24
Q

Define jaundice

A

yellowish discoloration of the skin,mucous membranes, and sclera due to inability of the liver to process bilirubin

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25
Q

what is another term for jaundice

A

icterus

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26
Q

Define necrosis and define the word parts

A

gray to black discoloration of skin due to skin death from a burn,ulcer,wound, or poor blood supply
necr/o: dead tissue
-osis: condition, process

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27
Q

Define vitiligo

A

autoimmune diseases in which melanocytes are slowly destroyed and patches of depigmentation appear

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28
Q

Define abrasion

A

sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis

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29
Q

define blister

A

fluid-filled sac with a thin,transparent covering of epidermal cells; caused by repetitive rubbing injury

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30
Q

define burns

A

caused by heat, hot objects,steam,boiling water, electricity,chemicals and radiation

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31
Q

Define superficial burns

A

epidermis,redness,pain, and blisters

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32
Q

Define partial thickness burns

A

epidermis and upper part of dermis

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33
Q

Define full thickness burn

A

epidermis, entire dermis, subcutaneous tissue

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34
Q

Define a corn

A

callus wuth a hard,central pointed area that cause pain

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35
Q

Define callus

A

thickened,elevated pad on the dermis caused by the repetitive rubbing

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36
Q

Define cicatrix

A

collagen that forms as an injury heals; a scar

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37
Q

Define excoriation

A

superficial injury with a sharp object that creates a linear scratch on the skin

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38
Q

Define keloid

A

firm abnormally large scar that grows larger than the original injury due to the overproduction of collagen

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39
Q

Define laceration

A

linear penetrating wound, may have clean out edges or torn,ragged edges

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40
Q

Define pressure injury

A

ulcer in the skin caused by epidermal and dermal breakdown; associated with constant pressure on the skin that decreases blood flow over bony area

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41
Q

Define abscess

A

localized pus-containing pockets under the skin caused by a bacterial infection ( s.aureus)

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42
Q

Define furuncle abscess

A

abscess around a hair follicle

43
Q

Define carbuncle abscess

A

several furuncles

44
Q

Define cellulitis

A

infection and inflammation of the connective tissues of the skin and muscle

45
Q

Define tinea and the 4 different types

A

fungal infection of the skin; severe itching and burning with red,scaly lesions
tinea capitis: scalp
tinea corporis: trunk and extremities
tinea cruris: groin and genitak
tinea pedis: feet

46
Q

Define verruca

A

rough, irregular skin lesions caused by the HPV
occurs on hands,fingers, sole of feet
aka wart

47
Q

Define pediculosis

A

infestation of lice and their eggs ( nits); can occur in the scalp, hair,eyelashes, and genital area

48
Q

Define scabies

A

infestation of parasitic mites that tunnel under the skin and produce itchy vesicles;caused by the same parasite that causes mange in dogs

49
Q

Define dermatitis

A

dermatitis caused by physical contact with an allergen or irritant like deodorant,soap,makeup

50
Q

Define urticaria

A

local allergic reaction to food,plants, animals, insect bites, or drugs caused by a release of histamines and involves raised area of redness and edema that occurs suddenly
ex. hives,wheels, welts

51
Q

Define actinic keratosis

A

raised rough areas that develop after chronic sun exposure
actin/o-: rays of the sun

52
Q

Define hemangioma

A

mass of superficial dilated blood vessels present at birth; usually disappears without treatment

53
Q

Define lipoma

A

rounded growth of adipose tissue in the skin
lip/o- : fat
-oma: mass or tumor

54
Q

Define nevus

A

lesion that comes in a variety of shapes and colors
present at birth

55
Q

Define papilloma

A

soft,flesh-colored growth that protrudes from the skin;grows as a flap or polyp on a stalk

56
Q

Define senile lentigo

A

light to dark brown,flat macules that occurs in the skin in areas exposed to the sun; also called age spots or liver spots

57
Q

Define syndactyly and the word parts

A

condition in which the skin and tissues between the toes or fingers are joined
syn-: together
-dactyly: condition of the fingers or toes

58
Q

Define basal cell carcinoma

A

most common
begins in the basal epidermis; slow-growing cancer that appears as a raised,pearly bump

59
Q

Define malignant melanoma

A

most dangerous
begins in melanocytes; fast growing and spreading cancer

60
Q

Define squamous cell carcinoma

A

begins in the squamous epidermis; slow-growing red bumps or ulcer

61
Q

Define Kaposi Sarcoma

A

affects skin,subQ,mucous membranes and internal organs; elevated; irregular,dark-reddish blue masses on the skin

62
Q

Define psoriasis

A

autoimmune disorder in which too many abnormal epidermal cells are produced; produces itch,silvery scales and plaques

63
Q

Define scleroderma

A

autoimmune disorder in which the skin and internal organs harden due to abnormal collagen deposits
scler/o-: hard
-derma: skin

64
Q

Define systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE)

A

autoimmune disorder in which collagen in the skin and connective tissues deteriorates;characterized by butterfly rash on nose and cheeks

65
Q

Define acne vulgaris

A

chronic skin condition of an adolescence; sebum hardness and blocks hair follicles,producing comedos

66
Q

Define rosacea

A

chronic skin condition of middle age; skin has blotchy erythema and dilated blood vessels, secretes to much sebum

67
Q

Define seborrhea

A

overproduction of sebum at any time other than adolescence; results in alternating oily areas and dry;scaly skin

68
Q

Define anhidrosis

A

congenital absense of sweat glands; no sweat is produced and heat is intolerable

69
Q

Define diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating; may indicate a serious underlying condition like myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism or drug withdrawal

70
Q

Define alopecia

A

loss of hair from the scalp due to disease, medication or changes in hormone levels

71
Q

Define hirsutism

A

presence of excessive,dark hair on the forearms and upper lip of women;caused by hormones changes associated with a tumor of the adrenal cortex

72
Q

Define clubbing and cyanosis

A

abnormal downward curve and bluish coloration of the fingernails accompanied by stunted growth of the finger; associated with lack of oxygen in cystic fibrosis

73
Q

Define onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail; nail root is infected and the nail is deformed as it grows
onych/o- : fingernail,toenail
myc/o: fungus
-osis: condition

74
Q

What is the culture and sensitivity test

A

growth of bacteria taken from a wound or lesion in a lab; colonies are used to make diagnosis and to determine the correct antibiotic treatment

75
Q

What is RAST test

A

blood mixed with an allergen to measure the amount of IgE produced in response; used to identify an allergy and its severity

76
Q

Define Tzanck test

A

scraping of fluid from a vesicle to produce a slide for microscope inspection;used to diagnose herpes and shingles

77
Q

Define the wood lamp or light test

A

UV light used to highlight areas of abnormal skin
vitiligo appear bright white
tinea capitis appear blue green

78
Q

Define cryolipdysis

A

treatment for unwanted fat deposits;cold device applied to the skin freezes fat cells and cause them to crystalize and die

79
Q

Define cryosurgery

A

treatment for benign or small malignant lesions; liquid nitrogen is applied to the lesion to freeze it and kill it

80
Q

Define electrosurgery

A

treatment for begign or small malignant lesions;electricity evaporates cellular contents and kills cells

81
Q

Define skin resurfacing

A

treatment to improve skin apperance; involves removal of part of the epidermis
-chemical peel
-dermabrasion
- laser resurfacing
-microdermabrasion

82
Q

Define ultherapy

A

treatment for wrinkles on the face and neck;ultrasound wave stimulate production of new collagen

83
Q

Define coal tar drugs

A

treat psoriasis by slowing multiplication of epidermal cells;applied topically

84
Q

Define corticosteroid drugs

A

treat inflammation by suppressing the immune response;may be topical or oral

85
Q

Define photodynamic therapy (PDT)

A

treat skin cancer with a combination of a laser light and a photosensitizing drug

86
Q

Define psoralen drugs

A

treat psoriasis along with ultraviolet light

87
Q

What are vitamin A type drugs used for

A

acne vulgaris and severe cystic acne; may be topical or oral

88
Q

What are the word parts for the word biopsy

A

bi/o- = living tissue
-opsy= process of viewing

89
Q

Define dermatoplasty

A

any type of plastic surgery to the skin; included grafting,keloid removal, and face lifts

90
Q

Define Mohs surgery

A

removal of skin cancers with irregular shapes and depths; operating microscope is used to examine each layer removed

91
Q

Define rhytidectomy

A

removal of wrinkles to tighten loose skin on the face; may be accompanied by blepharoplasty
rhytid/o- wrinkle
-ectomy: surgical removal

92
Q

Define skin grafting

A

use of human or artificial skin to provide a temporary covering or permanent layer of skin over a burn or wound

93
Q

Define allograft

A

cadaver or dead body

94
Q

Define autograft

A

taken from another part of the pt’s own body

95
Q

Define synthetic grafting

A

collagen fibers

96
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

97
Q

C & S

A

culture and sensitivity

98
Q

HAI

A

healthcare associated infection

99
Q

PDT

A

phototdynamic therapy

100
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosis

101
Q

PUVA

A

psoralen and ultraviolet A

102
Q

Abbreviations of subcutaneous

A

SQ
subcu
subQ

103
Q

UVB

A

ultraviolet light B

Medical Term. (4 decks)

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