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Phar 236 > Gastrointestinal system > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal system Flashcards

1
Q

What is ingestion

A

Taking of food into the body

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2
Q

What is digestion

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

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3
Q

What is peristalsis

A

Propulsion of food along the GI tract

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4
Q

What is absorption

A

Movement of nutrients and other substances along the GI tract into blood circulation

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5
Q

What is the pathway of the GI system

A
  1. mouth
  2. esophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small intestine
  5. large intestine
  6. anus
    WASTE removed
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6
Q

What are some accessory organs in the GI system

A

Tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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7
Q

What stimulates acid production in the GI system

A

Gastrin, ach and histamine

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8
Q

What is a proton pump

A

Secretes hydrogen ions, which combine with Chloride ions in the gastric lumen to form gastric acid

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9
Q

what is the lining primarily protected by

A

mucous secretions- mucosal lining

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10
Q

What are conditions that are related to the GI system

A
  1. GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disorder)
  2. Ulcers
  3. H. pylori
  4. IBD
  5. Diarrhea
  6. Constipation
  7. Emesis
  8. Gallstones
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11
Q

What is GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux (acid reflux) or a motility disorder associated with impaired peristalsis which results in a the failure to prevent the backflow of acidic stomach contents and digestive enzymes

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12
Q

What may increase if left untreated

A

Development of Asthma (irate lining of the throat)

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13
Q

What contributes to GERD

A

Food, lifestyle, body position, pregnancy, obesity, drugs

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14
Q

What foods contribute to GERD

A

citrus fruits, chocolate, caffeinated beverages, fried and fatty foods, mint flavoring, spicy food, tomato based foods, garlic and onions

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15
Q

How does Lifestyle contribute to GERD

A

Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking

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16
Q

How does Body position contribute to GERD

A

Symptoms worsen in a prone position

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17
Q

What are Ulcers

A

Open wound or sore

18
Q

What is a gastric Ulcer

A

Ulcer located in the stomach

19
Q

What is a duodenal Ulcer

A

An ulcer located in the upper region of the small intestine

20
Q

What is a peptic ulcer

A

ulcer that is located in either the stomach or the duodenum

21
Q

What is the most common type of ulcer

A

Peptic Ulcer

22
Q

what are causes of Ulcers

A

anything that interferes with the lining of the GI tract.
ie. Long term NSAID use, hyperacidity, genetic predisposition, decreased production of mucous, stress, alcohol, smoking, H. pylori

23
Q

What are the four types of antacids

A
  1. Aluminum hydroxide
  2. Magnesium Salts
  3. Calcium Carbonate
  4. Sodium Bicarbonate
24
Q

What do Antacids do?

A

Decrease the absorption of fluoroquinolones and tetracycline antibiotics, digoxin, iron, levothyroxine

25
Q

What are H2 Receptor antagonist

A

Block Histamine stimulated acid secretion by specific gastric cells

26
Q

What are Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Decrease gastric acids by interfering with the final step of gastric acid production.

27
Q

Order of treatment for GERD and PUD

A
  1. Antacids
  2. H2 antagonist
  3. Proton pump inhibitor
  4. GI stimulants
28
Q

What is H. Pylori

A

Ulcers caused by bacterial organism

29
Q

What is triple therapy

A

antibiotics prescribed with a combination of anti-ulcer drugs

30
Q

What is inflammatory bowel disease

A

recurrent inflammation of the bowel wall

31
Q

What is symptoms of IBD

A

pain, diarrhea, no appetite

32
Q

What are two types of IBS

A

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

33
Q

What are causes of IBD

A

Stress, diet, infection, genetic

34
Q

What is the treatment for IBD

A

Corticosteroids, amino salicylates, immunosuppressants

35
Q

What is Hemorrhoids

A

Swelling of veins around anus

36
Q

What is a fissure

A

painful cracks around anus

37
Q

What are some forms of rectal therapy

A

Creams and suppositories

38
Q

What are gallstones

A

accumulation of stored bile in the gall bladder

39
Q

What is the treatment for gallstones

A

surgery to remove and/or ultrasound waves to break up stones

40
Q

What is mucosal protective agents

A

protect cells that line the stomach and small intestine from damage by gastric acids, pepsin, and H. pylori

Phar 236 (8 decks)

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