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Phar 236 > Cardiovascular- anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular- anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How does the heart pump?

A
  1. Blood flows from the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium.
  2. From the Right Atrium it flows through the Tricuspid value into the Right ventricle.
  3. From the Right ventricle it flows into the Pulmonary artery through the Pulmonic value.
  4. From here it flows into lungs to get oxygenated
  5. It then flows back into the left Atrium
  6. It then flows through the Mistral Value into the left ventricle
  7. From there it flows through the aortic value into the aorta
  8. From the aorta it gets cycled to the rest of the body
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2
Q

What is blood?

A

Transports O2, nutrients, heat, chemical messages. The blood Also removes waste products

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3
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart

A

Left and right Atria.

Left and right ventricles

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4
Q

What are Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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5
Q

What are veins

A

They carry blood back to the heart

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6
Q

What is CHF

A

Congestive heart Failure.

When the heart fails to meet the needs of the body by not pumping enough blood

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7
Q

What are additional Adverse effects of a persons heart failure

A
  1. Fluid retention (edema)
  2. Chest tightening- Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
  3. Fatigue
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8
Q

What is edma

A

Fluid Retention

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9
Q

What is Dyspnea

A

Chest Tighening

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10
Q

What is Arrythmia

A

Anything that creates a defect to your heart beat rhythm

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11
Q

What is cardiac Conduction

A

The “pacemaker” cells- keep a rhythm for your heart beating

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of arrythmia

A

Range from Palpitation to cardiac arrest

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13
Q

What are some causes of arrythmia

A

Congenital, Drug therapy, and a result of damage heart as a result Congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, Myocardial infarction

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14
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

Narrowing of the arteries

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15
Q

What causes Atherosclerosis

A

cholesterol/ lipid and calcium deposits in the walls of the arteries

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16
Q

What is Angina

A

Chest pain that results from insufficient blood flow to the myocardium

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17
Q

What are causes of Angina

A

Arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis.

Coronary artery spasms

18
Q

What triggers angina

A

Stress or exertion

19
Q

What is stable angina

A

pain predictable in frequency and duration

20
Q

Unstable angina

A

Unpredictable, pain more frequent and increased in intensity and length

21
Q

What is Hyperlipidemia

A

An abnormal amounts of lipids in the blod

22
Q

What does lipoproteins do?

A

Carry cholesterol through the blood

23
Q

What are the 2 types of Lipoproteins

A

LDL and HDL

24
Q

What is LDL

A

Low density Lipoprotein

25
Q

What is HDL

A

High Density Lipoprotein (good cholesterol)

26
Q

What is hypertension

A

Increased blood pressure

27
Q

What is systolic BP

A

Value that indicates the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart squeezes

28
Q

What is Diastolic BP

A

The value that indicates the pressure when the heart is at rest

29
Q

What is myocardial infarction

A

Heart Attack.

This is caused by a blockage/closure of coronary artery is usually the cause

30
Q

What is Thrombosis

A

Development of a blood clot

31
Q

What is a stroke

A

Specifically a blood clot that has decreased blood flow to the brain

32
Q

What are some lifestyle changes that leads to better heart health

A
  1. regular exercise
  2. Lose weight
  3. Stop smoking
  4. Reduce alcohol intake
  5. Health diet
33
Q

Can Patients have more than one type of heart disease

A

yes, they may be prescribed ore than one cardiovascular drug

34
Q

What is an anti anginal

A

Relieve chest pain/discomfort by dilating the arteries. This increases blood flow and oxygen supply

35
Q

What is an Anti-arrythmic

A

They do not cure the underlying disease process. BUT they adjust heart rhythm and attempt to restore the normal cardiac rhythm

36
Q

What do Anticoagulant, Thrombolytic and Antiplatelet drugs do?

A

Reduce or prevent blood clots

37
Q

What are Antihyperlipidemic

A

Reduce Cholesterol Level in the blood- reduce LDL or Increase HDL

38
Q

What are Antihypertensive

A

Reduce blood pressure through various pathways

39
Q

What are Diuretics

A

Reduce body fluid which reduces blood volume which reduces blood pressure

40
Q

What is Digitalis

A

Influences the flow of sodium and calcium ions. which decreases the heart rate.

Phar 236 (8 decks)

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