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Gastrointestinal > Gastrointestinal: SMP Pharmacology > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal: SMP Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What substances produced by the stomach are the “attackers” of gut mucosa via stimulation of acid secretion?

A

Stimulate acid secretion:

  • Histamine
  • Gastrin
  • ACh
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2
Q

What substances are “defenders” of gut mucosa?

A

Somatostatin and Prostaglandins through stimulation of:

  • Mucus secretion
  • Bicarbonate ion secretion
  • Blood flow
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3
Q

What do gastric chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen → pepsin (a protease)

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4
Q

What do gastric parietal cells secrete?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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5
Q

What substances (3) stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid?

A
  • Gastrin: peptide hormone of the stomach
  • ACh: parasympathetic neurotransmitter released from the vagus nerve
  • Histamine: local mediator
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6
Q

What is the parasympathetic neurotransmitter released from the vagus nerve?

A

ACh

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7
Q

What is the broad action of antacids like aluminim hydroxide?

A

Neutralise acid secretion

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8
Q

What is the broad action of histamine H2 receptor antagonists (blockers) like ranitidine?

A

Inhibit acid secretion

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9
Q

What is the broad action of proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole?

A

Inhibit acid secretion

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10
Q

What class of drug is aluminium hydroxide?

A

Antacid

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11
Q

What class of drug is Ranitidine?

A

Histamine H2 receptor antagonist (blocker)

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12
Q

What class of drug is Ameprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

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13
Q

What is the drug treatment of Helicobacter Pylori?

A

Triple therapy:

  • Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
  • Amoxycillin (or metronidazole)
  • Clarithromycin
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14
Q

What class of drug is Magnesium hydroxide?

A

Antacid

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

What class of drug is Famotidine?

A

Histamine H2 receptor antagonist (blocker)

17
Q

What class of drug is Nizatidine?

A

Histamine H2 receptor antagonist (blocker)

18
Q

What is the action of antacid drugs (3)?

A
  • Neutralises acid
  • Raises pH to ~5
  • Inhibits peptic activity
19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of histamine H2 receptor antagonists?

A
  • Comptetitively inhibit actions of histamine
  • Reduce histamine, gastrin and ACh stimulated acid secretion by 90%
20
Q

What class of drug is espmeprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

21
Q

What class of drug is pantoprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

22
Q

What class of drug is rabeprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors?

A
  • Irreversible inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump)
  • Markedly inhibit acid secretion
24
Q

What is the potential side effect caused by magnesium salts in antacids?

A

Diarrhoea

25
Q

What is the potential side effect caused by aluminium salts in antacids?

A

Constipation

26
Q

What are (5) common side effects of proton pump inhibitors?

A
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhoea
  • Fatigue
  • Dizziness
27
Q

What class of drug is Diphenhydramine?

A

Gastrointestinal (4 decks)

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