Gastrointestinal Medication Flashcards
Proton pump inhibitors do what?
Inhibit / neutralise acid.
What is the treatment for Helicobacter pylori (HP)?
Triple therapy consisting of Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) such as omeprazole and two types of antibiotics such as clarithromycin ans amoxicillin.
Why are PPIs most frequently prescribed class of drugs in the world?
Due to their efficiency and low toxicity! However evidence suggests that PPIs are over prescribed and that between 25 and 70 per cent of patients have no real indication of needing them.
What does NICE guidelines recommend that PPIs should be prescribed for?
Actual symptoms of acid reflux and not as prophylactic treatment, as is the case with some patients.
What other drug can be used as an alternative to PPIs for dysepsia (indegestion)?
H2 receptor antagonist such as ranitidine are just as effective, and less expensive, the prescribed use of PPIs is astonishing, and they account fir over 90 per cent of the NHS drug budget for treating dyspepsia.
What are the long term health risks of taking PPIs?
Potential to can cause an increase in the prevalence of pneumonia and campylobacter enteritis as well as doubling risk of infection from C.diff. They have also been implications in the increase of hip fractures, possibly due to altered calcium absorption.
How do PPIs work?
They work by inhibiting gastric acid by blocking the h+/k+ adenosine triphosphate (the proton pump) of the gastric partietal cell.
Why are omeprazole capsules entric-coated?
Omeprazole degrades in the presence of moisture.
Omeprazole inhibits cytochrome P drug metabolism and therefore enhances the effect of which drugs?
warfarin, phenytoin and diazepan.
What does Misoprostol do?
It is a prostaglandin which causes contraction of the smooth muscle in the GI tract and uterus. More in book loc 969
What does aluminium salt do ?
Antacids. Tends to constipate
Magnesium salts. What do they do?
Antacid. Tends to be a laxative.
What is buacopan?
Antimuscarinic. Drug name ks hyoscine. Block parasympathetic activity that increases smooth muscle contraction.
What do anti foaming agents do?
Infacol@ Maalox plus@ they relieve flatulence and hiccups.
What are antimuscarinics?
Dicliverine (Merbentyl@) and Hyoscine (Buscopan@) - block parasympathetic activity that increases smooth muscle contraction.
