cardiac Medication

Question 0

What is amioderone?

Answer 0

Used to treat arrythmias. Digoxina and warfin tabs interact with amiodarone.

Question 1

What is ramipril?

Answer 1

ACE-Inhibitor

Question 2

Amlodipine. What is it?

Answer 2

Calcium channel blocker. Mainly used for angina.

Question 3

asprin. What is it?

Answer 3

Anti- platelet

Question 4

What is Bisoprol?

Answer 4

Beta blocker. Used in combination with other meds for heart failure.
Precaution : insulin requirement - beta blockers can reduce signs of hypoglycemia.

Question 5

Amlodipine. What is it?

Answer 5

Calcium channel blocker.

Question 6

Aspirin. What is it?

Answer 6

Anti-platelet. Low dose reduces chance of clotting in the narrowed blood vessels in heart or graft or valve that has been repaired.

Question 7

Clopidogrel. What is it?

Answer 7

Anti-platelet. Prevent ischaemic events inpatients with ischemic heart disease. ACS - used with low dose aspirin.

Question 8

What is Diltiazem?

Answer 8

Calcium channel blockers. Used to prevent angina.

Question 9

glyceryl Trinitrate (gtn)

Answer 9

Increases blood supply to heart thereby relieving the chest pain known as angina pectoria that occurs when the blood flows to the heart is decreased.

Question 10

Loop diuretic. What do they do?

Answer 10

They remove water and salt from the body can collect in the legs, lungs etc. The work rapidly, max effect within 1 hour. The effects last up to 6 hours. They are used for heart failure or control of blood pressure.
Bumetanide.

Question 11

Statins’

Answer 11

Lipid lowering agents, such as statins, are prescribed in order to reduce the chlestorestol in the blood. 
Statins react with other drugs..
Other lipid lowering drugs
Immunisuppresents
Warfarin
Digoxin

Question 12

Nicorandil. What does it do?

Answer 12

Potassium channel activator - also has a nitrate component. Relieves angina. Widens blood vessels that supply heart muscle and rest of the body reduces amount of work the heart has to do to pump the blood around the body.

Question 13

Nitrates - what do they do? Name some….

Answer 13

Isosorbide moninitrite
Isosorbide dinitrate
They relax the blood vessels, reducing the work of the heart and improving the blood supply to the heart.
Take. Same time every day to ensure nitrate free period, without the positive effects of the nitrates are reduced, to the point at which may become ineffective.
Some people may be very sensitive to nitrate and may exoerience a feeling of fainting. Viagra tablets must not be taken with nitrates.

Question 14

What is spironolactone?

Answer 14

Potassium sparing diuretics. These drugs are used to reduce potassium loss by the loop diuretics from the body.

Question 15

Amiloride. What is it?

Answer 15

Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 16

What is verapamil?

Answer 16

Calcium channel blockers. Controls fast or irregular heart rhythms.

Question 17

Doazisin, terazosin, prazosin … What are they?

Answer 17

Alpha adrenoreceptor agonists: block the adrenergicreceptorspresent on blood vessels. Stimulation by noradrenaline causes vasoconstriction so blockade leads to vasodilation.

Uses: hypertension
Cardiac failure
Benign enlarged prostate ( relax smooth muscle in prostrate and improved flow of urine)

Side effects: dizziness, profound hypotension( esp. If taking diuretics) headaches , tachycardia

Question 18

What do calcium channel blockers do?

Answer 18

Interfere with passage of calcium through cell membranes. Calcium is needed for smooth muscle contraction, so they relax smooth muscle and vasodilate.
Amlodipine affects cardiac contractility and rate.
Diltiazem and verapamil reduce cardiac contractility and is not given in HF or with beta blockers

Side effects: headaches, flushing, oedema, fatigue, palpitations and constipation.

Question 19

Ace inhibitors : uses and side effects

Answer 19

Uses: hypertension. May reduce BP rapidly - first dose at bedtime.
Used for hypertension in diabetics may reduce nephropathy.
Heart failure: reduces preload and After load.
Following MI to prevent further CVD and stroke.

Unwanted effects:
First dose hypotension especially if on diuretics.
Potassium retention. May be good if on directives such as frusimide.
Not given in server renal stenosis as May led to renal failure.
Need to check renal function, urea, and electrolysis before starting and monitoring.
Persistent dry cough may occur.

Question 20

What does digoxin do?

Answer 20

Used in AF to slow ventricular rate

Heart failure, ESP. If AF is present.

Question 21

Name some angiotensin-11 receptor antagonist?

Answer 21

Candesartan, eprosartan, losartan

Block angiotensin 11 receptor. Doesn’t block ace and so do not have the side effect of a dry cough.
Used when patient cannot take ace- inhibitor.