gastrointestinal indications Flashcards
Common bitter digestive stimulants
Achillea millefolium arctium lappa root berberis aquafolium root gentiana lutea root harpagophytum procumbens tuber leptandra virginica root rumex crispus root taraxacum officinale root and leaf
most common adverse effect of GI herbs
nausea and vomitting
common aromatic digestive stimulants
angelica archangelica root capsicum frutescens fruit, inteneral cinnamomum zeylanicum bark juniperus communis fruit zingiber officinale rhizome
common demulcents
aloe vera gel
althaea officinalis leaf or root
plantago lancetolata and major
ulmus rubra
common bowel movement stimulants: constituents, contraindications, adverse effects, toxicity, interactions
aloe vera latex / Rhamnus frangula / cassia spp, senna alexandrina leaf/fruit
constituent: anthraquinone glycosides
contraindications: >10 days of consecutive use, <12 years old, bulimia, spastic colon, pregnancy
adverse effects: colic, reddish discoloration of feces, Pseudomelanosis coli
toxicity: >10 days consecutive use worsens atonic colon, leading to laxative dependence, electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia, miscarriage
interferes with absorption of practically any drug and should not be combined with cardiac glycosides, diuretic, antiarrhythmia agents, corticosteroids – reasoning?
aloe vera latex
rhamnus frangula
cassia spp.
these drugs and herbs can cause hypokalemia.
aloe vera gel
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: polysac
act: immunomodulating, vulnerary, demulcent
ind: topical: burns, frostbite, wounds, skin ulcer; internal: inflammatory processes of luminal tracts
Contraind: third degree burns, deep wounds, infected wounds
Adv: none
tox: safe
interactions: may reduce absorption of many agents, additive hypoglycemic effect with glyburide
Ulmus rubra bark
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: polysac
act: demulcent in GI tract, reflux demulcent in lungs
ind: inflammatory processes of luminal tracts
contraind: wet cough, generally should not be used due to environmental impacts
adv: non
tox: none
interactions: polysacs may reduce absorption in GI tract
plantago lancetolata / major leaf
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: polysac, iridoid glycosides, oleanolic acid
act: demulcent in GI and reflux demulc in lung /urinary tract, vulnerary
ind: internal: inflammatory processes of luminal tract, dry cough; topical: dermatitis, wounds, skin ulcers
contra: wet cough
adv: none
tox: none
interactions: common with all polysac
althaea officinalis
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: polysac
act: demulcent in GI, reflux demulc in lungs and urinary tract
ind: inflammatory processes of luminal tracts
contra: wet cough
adverse effects: none
tox: none
common indication and contraindication of demulcents
ind: inflammatory process of luminal tract
contra: wet cough
common adverse effects, toxicity, and interactions of all demulcents
adv: none
tox: none
interactions: common with all polysac
common indications and contraindications for bitter digestive stimulants and aromatic digestive stimulants
indications: hypochlorhydria, nonulcer dyspepsia, maldigestion, anorexia, biliary insufficiency not due to obstruction, biliary dyskinesia, gas, atonic constripation,
Contra: active peptic ulcer, GERD, gastritis , hyperchlorhydia, biliary obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis
achillea millefolium
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
YARROW
Achilles battles with yarrow on his back.
con: sesquiterpene lactones, trace thujone, tannins, alkylamides
act: bitter digestive stimulant, styptic, inflammation modulating, vulnerary, diaphoretic
Ind: topical: wound / skin ulcer; styptic: menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, mild bleeding; common indication for bitter digestive stimulants (hypochlorhydria, nonulcer dyspepsia, maldigestion, anorexia, biliary insufficiency not due to obstruction, biliary dyskinesia, gas, atonic constripation)
contra: common contra for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: common adverse effect for bitter digestive stimulants (nausea)
interactions: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption, not indicated with concomitant PPI use
common adverse effect of bitter digestive stimulants
nausea
common interaction of bitter digestive stimulants
may change absorption of many agents, not indicated with concomitant PPI use
arctium lappa
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
BURDOCK balances the liver
con: sesquiterpene lactones, inulin, tannins
act: bitter digestive stimulant, hepatoprotective
ind: hepatitis and common ind for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contraindication for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption, not indicated with concomitant PPI use, additive hypoglycemic effect with insulin
Berberis aquifolium root
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
OREGON GRAPEFRUIT
con: berberine, berbamine, flavonoids
act: bitter digestive stimulant, inflammation modulation, antimicrobial, immunomodulation, alterative, hepatoprotective, antineoplastic
ind: chronic skin diseases (psorisis, acne), candidiasis, mastitis, gastroentertits, h pylori, hepatitis, lower UTI, vaginitis, cancer, common ind of bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contraindication for bitter stimulants
adv: common adverse effect of bitter digestive stimulants (nausea)
tox: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption, high doses may cause intestinal/vaginal dysbiosis, displaces bilirubin from albumin.
gentiana lutea root
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
GENTIAN
con: iridoid glycosides–gentiopicroside
act: bitter digestive stimulant, hepatotonic
ind: GI atony, common indication of bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contraindications for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption
harpagophytum procumbens tuber
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
DEVILS CLAW
con: iridoid glycosides
act: inflammation modulation, anti-rheumatic, bitter digestive stimulant
ind: gout, OA, RA, common ind for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contra for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption
common interaction considerations with bitter digestive stimulants
increase gut motility - may decrease absorption
common indications for bitter digestive stimulants and aromatic digestive stimulants
hypochlorhydria nonulcer dyspepsia maldigestion anorexia biliary insufficiency not due to obstruction biliary dyskinesia atonic constripation
common contraindications for bitter digestive stimulants and aromatic digestive stimulants
ACTIVE GI DZ
active peptic ulcer GERD gastritis hyperchlorhydia biliary obstruction acute diarrhea acute cholelithiasis
Rumex crispus
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
YELLOW DOCK
con: antraquinone glycosides–emodin
act: alterative, hepatoprotective, bitter digestive stimulant
ind, chronic skin conditions, anemia, liver disease, common indications for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contra for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility, avoid with hypokalemic di
herbs that contain anthraquinone glycosides
aloe vera latex
rhamnus frangula
rumex crispus
cassia spp.
anthraquinone glycosides act as
laxatives
antraquinone glycosides should not be used with
hypokalemic diuretics corticosteroids glycyyrhiza cardiac glycosides antiarrhythmia agents
taraxacum officinalis leaf
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: sesquiterpine lactones, inulin, phenolic acids
act: aquaretic, anti-HPV, bitter digestive stimulant
ind: topically: sap on plantar warts; internal: lower UTI, urolithiasis, edema (unlikely to help), common ind. for bitter digestive stimulants
Contra: common contra for bitter digestive stimuluants
adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility
taraxacum officinalis root
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: sesquiterpine lactones, inulin, phenolic acids
act: hepatoprotective, bitter digestive stimulant
ind: hepatitis, common ind. for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contra. for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
toxicity: none
interactions: increase gut motility
Leptandra virginica root
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: monoterpenoids, tannins
actions: hepatotonic, bitter digestive stimulant
ind: hepatitis, common ind. for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contra. for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: none
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility.
bitter digestive stimulants that are hepatotonic
arctium lappa root berberis aquafolium root gentiana lutea root rumex crispus root taraxacum officinalis root leptandra virginica root
bitter digestive stimulants that are not hepatotonic
achillea millefolium
harpagophytum procumbens tuber
taraxacum officinalis leaf
angelica archangelica root
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: volatile oils, macrocyclic lactones, phthalates, psoralen, plant acids, flavonoids, sterols
act: aromatic digestive stimujlant, carminative, spasmoytic
ind and contra: common ind. and contra. for digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: high dose volatile oil may causes photosensitivity
interactions: none known
capsicum frutescens fruit, internal
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: capsaicin, carotenoids
act: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, spasmolytic, antiplatelet
ind: hypercoaguable states, atherosclerosis, URI, intestinal infections, synergizer for circulatory stimulant, common ind. for digestive stimulants
contra: bleeding disorders, common contra. for digestive stimulants
tox: none. long term use may promote gastric cancer
interactions: potentiate anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin, aspirin, clopidogrel, etc.)
Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: volatile oils–monoterpenoids, tannins
act: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, styptic, anti-hyplori
ind: peptic ulcer due to h. pylori, hemorrhage, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, diarrhea, common ind. for digestive stimulants,
contra: common contra. for digestive stimulants - peptic ulcer due to h. pylori
adv: nausea, intestinal burning
tox: volatile oils may deplete glutathione in liver. overdoes of volatile oil may causes n/v, convulsions, pulmonary edema, liver damage
interactions: tannins may reduce absorption of many drugs, increases gut motility
tannins interactions may
reduce absorption of many drugs
juniperus communis fruit
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: resin, monoterpenoids, lignans, thujone
act: aromatic digestive stimulant, antimicorbial, aquaretic, counterirritant
ind: internal: lower UTI, infections, common ind. for digestive stimulants; topical volatile oil: myalgia, arthritis, headache, strain/sprain
contra: renal inflammation, and common contra. for digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: massive overdosing may cause renal damage
interactions: increases gut motility
only digestive stimulant indicated for peptic ulcer due to H. pylori infection
Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark
zingiber officinalis rhizome
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: resin, sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenoids (gingerols)
act: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, anti-emetic, anti-atherosclerotic, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral, inflammation modulation, diaphoretic
ind: internal: atherosclerosis, n/v, intestinal parasites, inflammatory conditions, infections, fever, common ind. for digestive stimulants
contra: common contra. for digestive stimulants
adv: GI burning
tox: none
interactions: may increase gut motility and thus absorption
GI herbs with tannins, interaction risk of these herbs
achillea millefolium
leptandra virginica root
menta piperita leaf
cinnamomum zeylanicum bark
tannins may reduce absorption of many drugs, thus not recommended to take simultaneously.
mentha piperita
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: monoterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins
act: carminative, spasmolytic, antiemetic, counterirritant,
ind: internal: cholelithliasis, infant colic, nonulcer dyspepsia, gas, IBS, n/v, smooth muscle spasms, viral URI; topical volatile oil: myalgia, arthritis, headache, strain / sprain
contra: GERD, G6PD deficiency
adv: GERD
tox: internal volatile oil may be neurotoxic
interactions: none
chelidonium majus leaf
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: isoquinoline alkaloids (sanguinarine, chelidonine, berberine)
act: choleretic, cholagogue, bitter, anti-hpv
ind: biliary insufficiency, prevent gall stones, warts topically
contra: biliary obstruciton, hepative disease, pregnacy, lactation
adv: n/v, excessive topical use may cause dermatitis
tox: overdose can irritate GI
interactions: none known
iris versicolor root
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: triterpenoids, phenolic acids, resin, oleoresin, furfural
act: cholagogue and choleretic,
ind: biliary insufficiency, biliary dyskinesia, chronic skin diseases
contra: pregnancy, lactation, chronic use,high doses, same contra as digestive stimulants
adv: : nausea, vomiting, bowel movement,
tox: emetic cathartic. massive overdose potentially lethal. fresh herb is irritating to mucous membranes
interactions: none known
matricaria chamomillia flower
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones
act: inflammation modulation, anti-allergic, vulnerary, antiemetic, carminative, spasmolyci, diaphoretic, hypnotic, anxiolytic
ind: generally for mucous membrane, atopic dermatitis, skin ulcers, wounds, n/v, infant colic, intestinal gas, gastritis, gastroenteritis, IBD, smooth muscle spasm, fever, periodontal disease, gingivitis, insomnia, anxiety, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis
contra: high fever, high doses of volatile oils
adv: none
tox: high doses of volatile oils internally are potentially toxic
interactions: increases gut motility
thymus vulgaris leaf
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: monoterpenoids
act: antimicrobial, anti h. pylori, counterirritant
ind: internal: gastroenteritis, h. pylori infection, infections, asthma, COPD, pertussis
topical volatile oil: myalalgia, OA, RA, strain/sprain
contra: high doses volatile oil
Adv: none
tox: high doses of volatile oils are potentially neurotoxic
interactions: none
foeniculum vulgare fruit
Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.
con: phenylpropanoids
act: carminative, spasmolytic, phytoestrogen, galactagogue
ind. infant colic, nonulcer dyspepsia, maldigestion, gas, IBS, hyper/hypo estrogen conditions, insufficient lactation
adv: none
tox: none. overdose of volatile oil could be neurotoxic.
interactions: none known
