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NPLEX 2 - BOT MED > gastrointestinal indications > Flashcards

gastrointestinal indications Flashcards

1
Q

Common bitter digestive stimulants

A 
Achillea millefolium
arctium lappa root
berberis aquafolium root
gentiana lutea root
harpagophytum procumbens tuber
leptandra virginica root
rumex crispus root
taraxacum officinale root and leaf
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2
Q

most common adverse effect of GI herbs

A

nausea and vomitting

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3
Q

common aromatic digestive stimulants

A 
angelica archangelica root
capsicum frutescens fruit, inteneral
cinnamomum zeylanicum bark
juniperus communis fruit
zingiber officinale rhizome
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4
Q

common demulcents

A

aloe vera gel
althaea officinalis leaf or root
plantago lancetolata and major
ulmus rubra

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5
Q

common bowel movement stimulants: constituents, contraindications, adverse effects, toxicity, interactions

A

aloe vera latex / Rhamnus frangula / cassia spp, senna alexandrina leaf/fruit
constituent: anthraquinone glycosides
contraindications: >10 days of consecutive use, <12 years old, bulimia, spastic colon, pregnancy
adverse effects: colic, reddish discoloration of feces, Pseudomelanosis coli
toxicity: >10 days consecutive use worsens atonic colon, leading to laxative dependence, electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia, miscarriage

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6
Q

interferes with absorption of practically any drug and should not be combined with cardiac glycosides, diuretic, antiarrhythmia agents, corticosteroids – reasoning?

A

aloe vera latex
rhamnus frangula
cassia spp.

these drugs and herbs can cause hypokalemia.

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7
Q

aloe vera gel

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: polysac
act: immunomodulating, vulnerary, demulcent
ind: topical: burns, frostbite, wounds, skin ulcer; internal: inflammatory processes of luminal tracts
Contraind: third degree burns, deep wounds, infected wounds
Adv: none
tox: safe
interactions: may reduce absorption of many agents, additive hypoglycemic effect with glyburide

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8
Q

Ulmus rubra bark

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: polysac
act: demulcent in GI tract, reflux demulcent in lungs
ind: inflammatory processes of luminal tracts
contraind: wet cough, generally should not be used due to environmental impacts
adv: non
tox: none
interactions: polysacs may reduce absorption in GI tract

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9
Q

plantago lancetolata / major leaf

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: polysac, iridoid glycosides, oleanolic acid
act: demulcent in GI and reflux demulc in lung /urinary tract, vulnerary
ind: internal: inflammatory processes of luminal tract, dry cough; topical: dermatitis, wounds, skin ulcers
contra: wet cough
adv: none
tox: none
interactions: common with all polysac

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10
Q

althaea officinalis

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: polysac
act: demulcent in GI, reflux demulc in lungs and urinary tract
ind: inflammatory processes of luminal tracts
contra: wet cough
adverse effects: none
tox: none

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11
Q

common indication and contraindication of demulcents

A

ind: inflammatory process of luminal tract
contra: wet cough

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12
Q

common adverse effects, toxicity, and interactions of all demulcents

A

adv: none
tox: none
interactions: common with all polysac

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13
Q

common indications and contraindications for bitter digestive stimulants and aromatic digestive stimulants

A

indications: hypochlorhydria, nonulcer dyspepsia, maldigestion, anorexia, biliary insufficiency not due to obstruction, biliary dyskinesia, gas, atonic constripation,

Contra: active peptic ulcer, GERD, gastritis , hyperchlorhydia, biliary obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

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14
Q

achillea millefolium

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

YARROW
Achilles battles with yarrow on his back.

con: sesquiterpene lactones, trace thujone, tannins, alkylamides
act: bitter digestive stimulant, styptic, inflammation modulating, vulnerary, diaphoretic

Ind: topical: wound / skin ulcer; styptic: menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, mild bleeding; common indication for bitter digestive stimulants (hypochlorhydria, nonulcer dyspepsia, maldigestion, anorexia, biliary insufficiency not due to obstruction, biliary dyskinesia, gas, atonic constripation)

contra: common contra for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: common adverse effect for bitter digestive stimulants (nausea)
interactions: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption, not indicated with concomitant PPI use

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15
Q

common adverse effect of bitter digestive stimulants

A

nausea

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16
Q

common interaction of bitter digestive stimulants

A

may change absorption of many agents, not indicated with concomitant PPI use

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17
Q

arctium lappa

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

BURDOCK balances the liver

con: sesquiterpene lactones, inulin, tannins
act: bitter digestive stimulant, hepatoprotective
ind: hepatitis and common ind for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contraindication for bitter digestive stimulants

adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption, not indicated with concomitant PPI use, additive hypoglycemic effect with insulin

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18
Q

Berberis aquifolium root

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

OREGON GRAPEFRUIT

con: berberine, berbamine, flavonoids
act: bitter digestive stimulant, inflammation modulation, antimicrobial, immunomodulation, alterative, hepatoprotective, antineoplastic

ind: chronic skin diseases (psorisis, acne), candidiasis, mastitis, gastroentertits, h pylori, hepatitis, lower UTI, vaginitis, cancer, common ind of bitter digestive stimulants

contra: common contraindication for bitter stimulants
adv: common adverse effect of bitter digestive stimulants (nausea)
tox: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption, high doses may cause intestinal/vaginal dysbiosis, displaces bilirubin from albumin.

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19
Q

gentiana lutea root

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

GENTIAN

con: iridoid glycosides–gentiopicroside
act: bitter digestive stimulant, hepatotonic
ind: GI atony, common indication of bitter digestive stimulants

contra: common contraindications for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption

20
Q

harpagophytum procumbens tuber

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

DEVILS CLAW

con: iridoid glycosides
act: inflammation modulation, anti-rheumatic, bitter digestive stimulant
ind: gout, OA, RA, common ind for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contra for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility - may decrease absorption

21
Q

common interaction considerations with bitter digestive stimulants

A

increase gut motility - may decrease absorption

22
Q

common indications for bitter digestive stimulants and aromatic digestive stimulants

A 
hypochlorhydria
nonulcer dyspepsia
maldigestion
anorexia
biliary insufficiency not due to obstruction
biliary dyskinesia
atonic constripation
23
Q

common contraindications for bitter digestive stimulants and aromatic digestive stimulants

A

ACTIVE GI DZ

active peptic ulcer
GERD
gastritis
hyperchlorhydia
biliary obstruction
acute diarrhea
acute cholelithiasis
24
Q

Rumex crispus

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

YELLOW DOCK
con: antraquinone glycosides–emodin
act: alterative, hepatoprotective, bitter digestive stimulant
ind, chronic skin conditions, anemia, liver disease, common indications for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contra for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility, avoid with hypokalemic di

25
Q

herbs that contain anthraquinone glycosides

A

aloe vera latex
rhamnus frangula
rumex crispus
cassia spp.

26
Q

anthraquinone glycosides act as

A

laxatives

27
Q

antraquinone glycosides should not be used with

A 
hypokalemic diuretics
corticosteroids
glycyyrhiza
cardiac glycosides
antiarrhythmia agents
28
Q

taraxacum officinalis leaf

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: sesquiterpine lactones, inulin, phenolic acids
act: aquaretic, anti-HPV, bitter digestive stimulant
ind: topically: sap on plantar warts; internal: lower UTI, urolithiasis, edema (unlikely to help), common ind. for bitter digestive stimulants
Contra: common contra for bitter digestive stimuluants
adv: nausea
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility

29
Q

taraxacum officinalis root

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: sesquiterpine lactones, inulin, phenolic acids
act: hepatoprotective, bitter digestive stimulant
ind: hepatitis, common ind. for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contra. for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
toxicity: none
interactions: increase gut motility

30
Q

Leptandra virginica root

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: monoterpenoids, tannins
actions: hepatotonic, bitter digestive stimulant
ind: hepatitis, common ind. for bitter digestive stimulants
contra: common contra. for bitter digestive stimulants
adv: none
tox: none
interactions: increase gut motility.

31
Q

bitter digestive stimulants that are hepatotonic

A 
arctium lappa root
berberis aquafolium root
gentiana lutea root
rumex crispus root
taraxacum officinalis root
leptandra virginica root
32
Q

bitter digestive stimulants that are not hepatotonic

A

achillea millefolium
harpagophytum procumbens tuber
taraxacum officinalis leaf

33
Q

angelica archangelica root

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: volatile oils, macrocyclic lactones, phthalates, psoralen, plant acids, flavonoids, sterols
act: aromatic digestive stimujlant, carminative, spasmoytic
ind and contra: common ind. and contra. for digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: high dose volatile oil may causes photosensitivity
interactions: none known

34
Q

capsicum frutescens fruit, internal

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: capsaicin, carotenoids
act: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, spasmolytic, antiplatelet
ind: hypercoaguable states, atherosclerosis, URI, intestinal infections, synergizer for circulatory stimulant, common ind. for digestive stimulants
contra: bleeding disorders, common contra. for digestive stimulants
tox: none. long term use may promote gastric cancer
interactions: potentiate anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin, aspirin, clopidogrel, etc.)

35
Q

Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: volatile oils–monoterpenoids, tannins
act: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, styptic, anti-hyplori
ind: peptic ulcer due to h. pylori, hemorrhage, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, diarrhea, common ind. for digestive stimulants,
contra: common contra. for digestive stimulants - peptic ulcer due to h. pylori
adv: nausea, intestinal burning
tox: volatile oils may deplete glutathione in liver. overdoes of volatile oil may causes n/v, convulsions, pulmonary edema, liver damage
interactions: tannins may reduce absorption of many drugs, increases gut motility

36
Q

tannins interactions may

A

reduce absorption of many drugs

37
Q

juniperus communis fruit

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: resin, monoterpenoids, lignans, thujone
act: aromatic digestive stimulant, antimicorbial, aquaretic, counterirritant
ind: internal: lower UTI, infections, common ind. for digestive stimulants; topical volatile oil: myalgia, arthritis, headache, strain/sprain
contra: renal inflammation, and common contra. for digestive stimulants
adv: nausea
tox: massive overdosing may cause renal damage
interactions: increases gut motility

38
Q

only digestive stimulant indicated for peptic ulcer due to H. pylori infection

A

Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark

39
Q

zingiber officinalis rhizome

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: resin, sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenoids (gingerols)
act: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, anti-emetic, anti-atherosclerotic, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral, inflammation modulation, diaphoretic
ind: internal: atherosclerosis, n/v, intestinal parasites, inflammatory conditions, infections, fever, common ind. for digestive stimulants

contra: common contra. for digestive stimulants
adv: GI burning
tox: none
interactions: may increase gut motility and thus absorption

40
Q

GI herbs with tannins, interaction risk of these herbs

A

achillea millefolium
leptandra virginica root
menta piperita leaf
cinnamomum zeylanicum bark

tannins may reduce absorption of many drugs, thus not recommended to take simultaneously.

41
Q

mentha piperita

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: monoterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins
act: carminative, spasmolytic, antiemetic, counterirritant,
ind: internal: cholelithliasis, infant colic, nonulcer dyspepsia, gas, IBS, n/v, smooth muscle spasms, viral URI; topical volatile oil: myalgia, arthritis, headache, strain / sprain
contra: GERD, G6PD deficiency
adv: GERD
tox: internal volatile oil may be neurotoxic
interactions: none

42
Q

chelidonium majus leaf

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: isoquinoline alkaloids (sanguinarine, chelidonine, berberine)
act: choleretic, cholagogue, bitter, anti-hpv
ind: biliary insufficiency, prevent gall stones, warts topically
contra: biliary obstruciton, hepative disease, pregnacy, lactation
adv: n/v, excessive topical use may cause dermatitis
tox: overdose can irritate GI
interactions: none known

43
Q

iris versicolor root

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: triterpenoids, phenolic acids, resin, oleoresin, furfural
act: cholagogue and choleretic,
ind: biliary insufficiency, biliary dyskinesia, chronic skin diseases
contra: pregnancy, lactation, chronic use,high doses, same contra as digestive stimulants
adv: : nausea, vomiting, bowel movement,
tox: emetic cathartic. massive overdose potentially lethal. fresh herb is irritating to mucous membranes
interactions: none known

44
Q

matricaria chamomillia flower

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones
act: inflammation modulation, anti-allergic, vulnerary, antiemetic, carminative, spasmolyci, diaphoretic, hypnotic, anxiolytic
ind: generally for mucous membrane, atopic dermatitis, skin ulcers, wounds, n/v, infant colic, intestinal gas, gastritis, gastroenteritis, IBD, smooth muscle spasm, fever, periodontal disease, gingivitis, insomnia, anxiety, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis
contra: high fever, high doses of volatile oils
adv: none
tox: high doses of volatile oils internally are potentially toxic
interactions: increases gut motility

45
Q

thymus vulgaris leaf

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: monoterpenoids
act: antimicrobial, anti h. pylori, counterirritant
ind: internal: gastroenteritis, h. pylori infection, infections, asthma, COPD, pertussis
topical volatile oil: myalalgia, OA, RA, strain/sprain
contra: high doses volatile oil
Adv: none
tox: high doses of volatile oils are potentially neurotoxic
interactions: none

46
Q

foeniculum vulgare fruit

Con., Act., Indic., Contraind., Adv., Tox., Interactions.

A

con: phenylpropanoids
act: carminative, spasmolytic, phytoestrogen, galactagogue
ind. infant colic, nonulcer dyspepsia, maldigestion, gas, IBS, hyper/hypo estrogen conditions, insufficient lactation
adv: none
tox: none. overdose of volatile oil could be neurotoxic.
interactions: none known

NPLEX 2 - BOT MED (2 decks)

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