cardiovascular indications

Question 1

borago officinalis leaf

con., act., ind., contra., adv., tox.,interactions

Answer 1

con: pyrrolizidine alkaloids, omega-6 fatty accids
act: inflammation mod, anti-atherosclerotic, antiplatelet, hypolipidemic
ind: atopic dermatitis, dysmenorrhea, cyclic mastalgia, htn, diabetic neuropathy
contra: bleeding diathesis, hepatotoxicity, concomitant use with other hepatotoxic drugs
adv: none
tox: bleeding diathesis, contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids
interactions: platelet inhibitor, may potentiate anticoagulants; hepatotoxic

Question 2

pyrrolizidine alkaloids are dangerous because they ____ and are present in ______ and ______ herbs.

Answer 2

hepatotoxic, borago officinalis and symphytum

Question 3

centella asiatica

con., act., ind., contra., adv., tox.,interactions

Answer 3

con: triterpene saponins
act: vulnerary, ventonic, keratolytic, scar inhibiting, antimycobacterial, nootropic
ind: varicose veins, hemorrhoids, chronic venous insufficiency, scarring, keloids, hypertrophic scars, wounds, skin ulcers, dementia, poor memory, mycobacterial infections
contra: none
adv: headache, lightheadedness, htn
tox: none known
interactions: none

Question 4

allium cepa and allium sativum

con., act., ind., contra., adv., tox.,interactions

Answer 4

con: glucosinolates
act: anti-atherosclerotic, hypolipidemics, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti h. pylori, possibly immunomodulating

ind: internal: hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, intermittant claudication, ischemic stroke prevention, atherosclerosis, hypercoagulative states, angina pectoris, impotence, HTN, DM, insufficent lactation, candidiasis, gastroenteritis, intestinal parasitses,
topical: dermatophytosis, onychomycosis, warts, infectious vaginitis, otitis media

contra: bleeding diathesis, concomitant use with anticoagulant drugs, thyroids disease, allergy to garlic
Adv: breath and body odor; bleeding,
tox: antiplatelet activity
interactions: potentiate anticoagulant effect, potentiate insulin and hypoglycemic drugs,CYP3a4 induction

Question 5

Aesculus hippocastanun fruit

con., act., ind., contra., adv., tox.,interactions

Answer 5

con: saponinsl coumarins, flavonoids
act: venotonic, inflammation mod.
ind: bruises, edema, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, chronic venous insufficiency, chronic prostatitis, DVT
contra: high doses use caution
adv: nausea
tox: unprocessed fruits are highly toxic, IM injections of aescin may cause hepatitis and renal failure
interactions: none known