Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Gastrointestinal endoscopy > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal endoscopy Flashcards

1
Q

risk of bleeding

clean based ulcer

A

3-5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

risk of bleeding

flat pigmented spots covering the ulcer base

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

risk of bleeding

adherent clots covering the ulcer base

A

20%

endoscopic therapy needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

risk of bleeding

platelet plug protruding form vessel wall in the base of an ulcer (sentinel or visible vessel)

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

risk of bleeding

active spurting from an ulcer

A

> 90% bleeding without therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

indicated for first bleed from large oesophageal varices

A

EVL (endoscopic variceal ligation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rx bleeidng from large gastric funds varices

A

endoscopic cyanoacrylate “glue” injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MC site dieulafoys lesion

A

lesser curvature of proximal stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

presence of linear furrows and multiple corrugated rings throughout narrowed esophagus

A

feline esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when to repeat colonoscopy

1 or 2 small (

A

Repeat colonoscopy in 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when to repeat colonoscopy

3 to 9 adenomas, or any adenoma 1 cm or containing high-grade dysplasia or villus features

A

Repeat colonoscopy in 3 years; subsequent colonoscopy based on findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when to repeat colonoscopy:

10 adenomas

A

Colonoscopy in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when to repeat colonoscopy:

Piecemeal removal of a sessile polyp

A

Exam in 2 to 6 months to verify complete removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when to repeat colonoscopy:

Small (

A

Colonoscopy in 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when to repeat colonoscopy:

>2 serrated polyps, or any serrated or hyperplastic polyp 1 cm

A

Repeat colonoscopy in 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when to repeat colonoscopy:

Incompletely removed serrated polyp 1 cm

A

Exam in 2 to 6 months to verify complete removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when to repeat colonoscopy:

Colon cancer

A

Evaluate entire colon around the time of resection, then repeat colonoscopy in 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when to repeat colonoscopy:

Long-standing (>8 years) ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s colitis, or left-sided ulcerative colitis of >15 years’ duration

A

Colonoscopy with biopsies every 1 to 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when to do colonoscopy:
First-degree relatives with only small tubular adenomas
Single first-degree relative with CRC or advanced adenoma at age 60 years

A

Same as average risk

20
Q

when to do colonoscopy:

Single first-degree relative with CRC or advanced adenoma at age

A

Colonoscopy every 5 years beginning at age 40 years or 10 years younger than age at diagnosis of the youngest affected relative

21
Q

when to do colonoscopy:

FH of FAP

A

Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy annually, beginning at age 10–12 years

22
Q

when to do colonoscopy:

Family History of HNPCC

A

Colonoscopy every 2 years beginning at age 20–25 years until age 40, then annually thereafter

23
Q

Duration chronic diarrhea

A

> 6 weeks

24
Q

Ct scan findings UC

A
  • mild mural thickening
  • inhomogeneous wall density
  • absence of small bowel thickening
  • increased perirectal and pre sacral fat
  • target appearance of rectum
  • adenopathy
25
Q

indication for colectomy in patients with massive hemorrhage in UC

A

6-8 units of blood are required in 24-48 hours

26
Q

Define toxic megacolon

A

Transverse of right colon with a diameter of >6 cm, with loss of haustration in patients with severe attacks of UC

27
Q

Most dangerous complication of UC

A

perforation

28
Q

in 5% of UC patients, triggers toxic megacolon

A

electrolyte abnormalities

narcotics

29
Q

Mortality rate of perforation in UC

A

15%

30
Q

incidence of stricture in UC

A

5-10%

31
Q

Two patterns of disease in crohn’s

A

1) fibrostenotic obstructing pattern

2) penetrating fistulous pattern

32
Q

IBD drug blocks production of IL2 by T helper lymphocytes

A

Cyclosporine

33
Q

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in impaired DNA synthesis

A

MXT

34
Q

rare but serious complication of MXT therapy

A

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

35
Q

macrolide antibiotics with immunomodulatory properties similar to CSA

A

tacrolimus

36
Q

nearly universally fatal lymphoma in patients with Crohn’s disease

A

Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma

37
Q

AE cyclosporin

A

renal

38
Q

MOA infliximab

A

chimeric IgG1 antibody active against TNF alpha

39
Q

remission rate of GC in UC

A

60-70%

40
Q

purine analogues employed in glucocorticoid dependent IBD

A

Azathioprine

5 mercaptopurine

41
Q

showed that of the patients who experience an initial response to infliximab, 40% of these will maintain remission for at least 1 year with repeated infusions of infliximab every 8 weeks

A

ACCENT I

A Crohn’s Disease Clinical Trial Evaluating Infliximab in a New Long Term Treatment Regimen

42
Q

Infliximab is also effective in CD patients with refractory perianal and enterocutaneous fistulas

A

ACCENT II

43
Q

what to do to prevent development of antibodies to infliximab (ATI), which is associated with an increased risk of infusion reactions and a decreased response to treatment

A

giving on-demand or episodic infusions rather than periodic (every 8 weeks) infusions because patients are more likely to develop ATI

44
Q

compared infliximab plus azathioprine, infliximab alone and azathioprine alone in immunomodulator and biologic naïve patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease

A

SONIC

45
Q

recombinant human monoclonal IgG1 antibody containing only human peptide sequences and is injected subcutaneously

A

Adalimumab

46
Q

recombinant humanized immunoglobulin G4 antibody against 4 integrin that is effective in the induction and maintenance of remission in CD patients

A

Natalizumab

47
Q

flat HGD encountered

A

UC colectomy

CD colectomy or segmental resection

GI (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions