Gastrointestinal Disorders Flashcards
The largest glandular organ in the body, which functions as an accessory organ of digestion, is the: A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Small intestine D. Stomach
A. Liver
The largest glandular organ in the body, which functions as an accessory organ of digestion, is the liver. It is also one of the most complex. In the adult it weighs 3 lb.
The diagnostic test that involves visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum via a flexible endoscope is called a(n): A. Barium swallow B. Sigmoidoscopy C. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy D. Colonoscopy
C. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
The diagnostic test that involves visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum via a flexible endoscope is called an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. This is performed to look for tumors, varices, inflammation, hiatal hernia, polyps, ulcerations, strictures, and obstructions, among other things.
Your patient is undergoing diagnostic tests to rule out carcinoma of the oral cavity. Which of the following symptoms have been associated with the disease? Select all that apply.
A. Difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or speaking
B. Chronic cough
C. Constant earache
D. Regurgitation
E. Toothache
F. Mouth edema
G. Numbness or loss of sensation in part of the mouth
A. Difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or speaking
C. Constant earache
E. Toothache
F. Mouth edema
G. Numbness or loss of sensation in part of the mouth
Your patient with carcinoma of the esophagus is about to undergo surgery, an esophagogastrectomy, and is very anxious about what to expect immediately after surgery. Which of the following statements would be appropriate to help calm his anxiety?
A. “Don’t worry, cancer survival rates have greatly improved for this disease in the past 10 years.”
B. “My father had this type of surgery before he died, and he said it went very well.”
C. “This surgery involves resection of a lower esophageal section with a proximal portion of the stomach, followed by an anastomosis of the remaining portions of esophagus and stomach.”
D. “When you wake up, we will be monitoring you very closely. We will give you pain medication and do everything we can to keep you as comfortable as possible.”
D. “When you wake up, we will be monitoring you very closely. We will give you pain medication and do everything we can to keep you as comfortable as possible.”
This statement is the best of the four offered, as it addresses the patient’s anxiety about postoperative care, yet does not offer false reassurance nor deny the possibility of discomfort.
Your female patient has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). You are beginning your patient teaching about lifestyle changes she can implement to minimize the symptoms of this disease. You will be certain to mention:
A. Three meals per day, spaced 6 hours apart, is the optimal nutritional interval.
B. A high-fat, low protein diet will minimize the symptoms she experiences.
C. A bedtime snack with a milk-based product will alleviate nighttime symptoms.
D. Reducing caffeine and alcohol consumption may alleviate symptoms of the disease.
D. Reducing caffeine and alcohol consumption may alleviate symptoms of the disease.
Reducing caffeine and alcohol consumption may alleviate symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Caffeine can be found in chocolate, coffee, tea, and even over-the-counter analgesics, so checking labels is important.
The most lethal complication of a peptic ulcer is: A. Perforation B. Bleeding C. Dyspepsia D. Gastric outlet obstruction
A. Perforation
Perforation is considered to be the most lethal complication of a peptic ulcer. This occurs when the ulcer crater penetrates the entire thickness of the wall of the stomach or the duodenum. The release of gastric acid, pancreatic enzymes, or bile causes signs and symptoms of pain, emesis, fever, hypotension, and hematemesis.
Which of the following medications would be the most effective in treating a duodenal ulceration caused by Helicobacter pylori? A. Ranitidine (Zantac) B. Maalox C. Omeprazole (Prilosec) D. Amoxicillin
D. Amoxicillin
H. pylori, one of the causes of duodenal ulcerations, is a spiral-shaped bacterium. If this is determined to be the cause of the ulceration, the most appropriate therapy would be an antibiotic to which H. pylori is sensitive, one of which is amoxicillin.
Dumping syndrome is a disorder associated with what condition?
A. Acute gastritis
B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
C. Following gastric resection or peptic ulcer surgery
D. Gastric carcinoma
C. Following gastric resection or peptic ulcer surgery
Dumping syndrome is a disorder that can occur in gastric resection procedures. It occurs in approximately one half to one third of patients who have undergone peptic ulcer surgery. It is a rapid gastric emptying causing distention of the duodenum or jejunum produced by a bolus of hypertonic foo
Malabsorption can be a major problem with Crohn's disease when what portion of the intestine is involved? A. The esophagus B. The stomach C. The large intestine D. The small intestine
D. The small intestine
Malabsorption can be a major problem with Crohn’s disease when the small intestine is involved. Megaloblastic anemia results from decreased absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Fluid and electrolyte disturbances can occur, particularly with a depletion of sodium or potassium associated with diarrhea or excessive small intestine drainage through fistulas.
Your patient has been diagnosed with diverticulosis as a result of muscle thickening and increased intracolonic pressure. Which of the following recommendations would you give her regarding food choices? A. Clear liquid diet B. Bran, fruits, and vegetables C. Low-residue diet D. Limited fluid intake
B. Bran, fruits, and vegetables
When muscle thickening and increased intracolonic pressure are the causes of diverticulosis, a high-fiber diet of bran, fruits, and vegetables is recommended. Also, sulfa drugs and analgesics may be used in treating the disease.
Because the small intestine needs bile only a few times a day, bile is stores and concentrated in the: A. pancreas B. gallbladder C. liver D. small intestine
B. gallbladder
Although food is digested throughout the alimentary canal, up to 90% of digestion is accomplished in the: A. stomach B. mouth C. small intestine D. large intestine
C. small intestine
The exit from the stomach is called the: A. cardiac sphincter B. pyloric sphincter C. lesser curvature D. greater curvature
B. pyloric sphincter
The intrinsic factor is a gastric secretion necessary for the intestinal absorption of vitamin: A. B1 B. B12 C. C D. K
B. B12
Which organ manufactures protease, lipase, and amylase? A. gallbladder B. liver C. pancreas D. salivary gland
C. pancreas
