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Pathology > Gastrointestinal diseases > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Infection/ inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tract

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2
Q

How are most microbes transmitted?

A

Oral/fecal route

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3
Q

Cloriform

A

refers to lactose positive organisms transmitted oral/fecal route

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4
Q

Digestive system

A

starts at the mouth and ends at the anus
heavily relies on enzymes and hormones to fuction

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5
Q

what is Shigella species caused by?

A

gram negative noncloriform rod (lactose negative)
fermentive bacteria
no H2S or urease
nonmotile
closely related to E. coli

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6
Q

indotoxin

A

bacteria has the toxin as part of its nature
when the bacteria is broken down, the toxin is released.

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7
Q

exotoxin

A

a toxin released by a bacterial cell into its surroundings

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8
Q

What bacteria is Typhoid fever caused by?

A

caused by Salmonella typhi

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9
Q

What type of bacteria is Salmonella typhi?

A

gram negative. rod
H2S producer

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10
Q

What is typhoid fever caused by?

A

Invasive infection from small intestine into blood stream

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11
Q

What happens to the bacteria in this disease?

A

Bacteria multiply in phagocytes resulting in septicemia.

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12
Q

What does typhoid fever cause?

A

Abdominal symptoms
fever
organ/ tissue damage

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13
Q

How is typhoid fever transmitted? how is it prevented?

A

through food or water and can be prevented by proper sanitation.

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14
Q

How is typhoid fever treated?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics and proper sanitation

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15
Q

What type of bacteria is C. salmonella species?

A

Gram negative. rod
H2S producer
noncoliform

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16
Q

What does C. Salmonella cause?

A

“food poisoning” actually an infection

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17
Q

Which organ is the target organ for C. salmonella to infect?

A

Small intestine

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18
Q

what type of bacteria is D. Vibrio cholera caused by?

A

gram negative. curved rod

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19
Q

How is D. Vibrio Cholera caused?

A

Causes disease by release of enterotoxin

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20
Q

enterotoxin

A

exotoxin that is released by bacteria and affects the enteric system.

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21
Q

E. coli (name )

A

Escherichia coli

22
Q

What type of bacteria is E. coli?

A

gram negative coliform
most strains are motile
common as normal flora

23
Q

Types of E.coli infection

A

vary depending on the presence and type of exotoxins
some cases cause mild diarrhea and nausea to more serious diarrhea.

24
Q

shiga-like toxins

A

result in hemorrhagic and invasive types of disease.
can cause HUS ( Hemolytic uremic syndrome)
is the lead cause of urinary tract infections

25
Q

Additional bacterial infections

A

streptococcus mutans
Helicobacter pylori

26
Q

What is Streptococcus mutans?

A

Major contributor to dental plaque
causes gum disease and dental caries

27
Q

what is Helicobacter pylori?

A

Curved rod.
special requirements to reduce oxygen
can tolerate acidic conditions of stomach
causes peptic ulcers

28
Q

Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

A

Aerobic rod.
normal flora

29
Q

What does C. diff cause?

A

antiboitic- associated enterocolitis

30
Q

what does antibiotic-associated enterocolitis effect? why?

A

the large intestine from depletion of normal flora and selection for resistant C. diff

31
Q

Food poisoning

A

pre-formed toxins ingested

32
Q

What types of side effects can staph cause?

A

gastroenteritis (vomiting and diarrhea)

33
Q

What is C. botulism?

A

common soil organism
potent neurotoxin
causes paralysis

34
Q

paralysis

A

neurological symptoms

35
Q

mumps

A

disease of the salivary glands
parotid glands - has effective vaccine

36
Q

Viral gastroenteritis

A

retrovirus
“24-hour bug”

37
Q

what is Amebiasis caused by?

A

protozoan (amoeba) disease
caused by Entamoeba histolytica

38
Q

Entamoeba histolytica life cycle

A

a. Trophozoite
b. mature cyst
c. excystment

39
Q

Giardiasis caused by:

A

Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia)
Glagellated protozoan

40
Q

What does G. lamblia infect?

A

the small intestine

41
Q

G. lamblia causes:

A

diarrhea
abdom. pain
flatulence
muscular weakness

42
Q

Hookworm genus and species names

A

Nector americanus (roundworm)

43
Q

What is the definitive host of the hookworm?

A

humans

44
Q

Where do hookworms do their damage?

A

Damage to the walls of the intestines
adult worms hook on and feed on the blood supply

45
Q

What can hookworm infection cause?

A

Severe intestinal distress

46
Q

Tapeworm: what two types of tapeworms are there

A

have both beef and pork tapeworms

47
Q

What is the name of the tapeworm associated with beef?

A

Taenia saginata

48
Q

What is the name of the tapeworm associated with pork?

A

Taenia solium

49
Q

Esophagus

A

muscular tube that connects the stomach and sphincter.

50
Q

What are some abnormalities?

A

Incomplete development of the esophagus

Pathology (4 decks)

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