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MLT 140 > Gastrointestinal Cultures > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Cultures Flashcards

1
Q

Differential media

A

Differentiation of bacterial species based on colony morphology

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2
Q

Selective media

A
  • limit growth of normal flora

- enhance growth of pathogens

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3
Q

What does Hektoen grow?

A

Only gram (-)

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4
Q

SMAC plate color

A

Pink

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5
Q

E.coli colony color on XLD

A

Yellow

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6
Q

Salmonella colony color on XLD

A

Black

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7
Q

TCBS plate color

A

Green

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8
Q

What color colonies does Vibrio produce?

A

Yellow

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9
Q

Most commonly ID’d intestinal parasite in the US; contaminated water (mountain streams)

A

Giardia lamblia

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10
Q

Troph form can migrate to liver and cause liver abscess

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q
  • resistant to chlorine
  • public swimming pool outbreaks
  • fecally contaminated food/water
  • international produce
  • p2p
A

Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominid

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12
Q
  • contaminated food, water, and produce

- mostly soon in travelers returning from endemic areas

A

Cyclospora

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13
Q

Cause of diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, particularly patients with AIDS

A

Microsporidia

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14
Q

Which pathogens have longer incubation periods and make patients sicker longer?

A

Parasitic pathogens

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15
Q

How do you diagnose parasitic pathogens?

A

Physically exam stool OR antigen detection / serological kits

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16
Q

Does not cause diarrhea but is associated with peptic ulcer disease

A

Heliobacter pylori

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17
Q
  • Food poisoning

- neurotoxin

A

Staphylococcus aureus / Bacillus cereus

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18
Q

Other bacterial pathogens

A
  • Plesiomonas
  • Aeromonas
  • Edwardsiella
  • Listeria monocytogenes
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19
Q

Viral GI pathogens

A
  • Rotavirus
  • Enteric adenovirus
  • Calcivirus
  • Astrovirus
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20
Q

What type of GI pathogen is rotavirus?

A

Viral

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21
Q

What type of GI pathogen is Enteric adenovirus?

A

Viral

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22
Q

What type of GI pathogen is Calcivirus?

A

Viral

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23
Q

What type of GI pathogen is Astrovirus?

A

Viral

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24
Q

Most common cause of diarrheal illness in children

A

Rotavirus

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25
Q

Causes GI infections

A

Enteric adenovirus

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26
Q

Norwalk virus / cruise ships

A

Calcivirus

27
Q

Infections in very old and young

A

Astrovirus

28
Q

GI parasitic infection

A
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis
  • Cyclospora
  • Microsporidia
29
Q

Giardia lamblia is a:

A

GI parasitic infection

30
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is a:

A

GI parasitic infection

31
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis are:

A

GI parasitic infections

32
Q

Cyclospora is a:

A

GI parasitic infection

33
Q

Microsporidia is a:

A

GI parasitic infection

34
Q

Collection of GI specimen

A
  • nonpreserved stool
  • fresh stool, qtip - spread thin layer on slide, wright stain - look for WBCs
  • WBCs indicate inflammatory diseases
35
Q

GI host defenses

-colon

A

IgA (antibody) produced fight off some organisms

36
Q

Bacterial Pathogens of the GI tract

A
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Salmonella typhi
  • Shigella sonnei
  • Yersinia enterocolitica
  • Vibrio cholera
  • E.coli O157:H7
  • Clostridium difficile
  • Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus
  • Heliobacter pylori
  • Asromonas and Plesiomonas
37
Q

Causes the most severe form of enteric fever: typhoid fever

A

Salmonella typhi

38
Q

Humans are the only known host for this pathogen

A

Salmonella typhi

39
Q

Spread by fecally contaminated food or water and causes an inflammatory response

A

Salmonella typhi

40
Q

Bacteria survive the host immune cells so it is considered an intracellular pathogen

A

Salmonella typhi

41
Q

Normal GI flora are predominantly what species?

A

Anaerobic

42
Q

GI host defenses

-what does normal flora do?

A

Fights off pathogens

43
Q

GI host defenses

-stomach acidity

A

Most pathogens never reach the intestines because of the acidic environment of the stomach

44
Q

GI host defense

-intestines - peristalsis

A

Constant motion that pushes substances through the intestines and reduces chances for adherence

45
Q

Mucous layer

A

GI host pathogen

46
Q

Antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by drug disrupting the normal indigenous flora of the colon

A

Clostridium difficile

47
Q

Produces exotoxins A and B, easily spread by fecal/oral route, spore and toxin producing

A

Clostridium difficile

48
Q

Infections more common in winter months

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

49
Q

Linked to meat, unpasteurized milk and other dairy products

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

50
Q

Refrigeration does not prevent growth of the organism

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

51
Q

Causative agent of cholera

A

Vibrio cholera

52
Q

Fish and shellfish

A

Vibrio cholera

53
Q

Known to produce “rice-water” stools, risk of death from dehydration

A

Vibrio cholera

54
Q

Specific strain that causes shiga-like toxins

A

E.coli O157:H7

55
Q

Is E.coli a normal inhabitant of the GI tract?

A

Yes

56
Q

Some patients develop chronic colonization leading to persistent shedding of the organism with potential transmission to others (Typhoid Mary)

A

Salmonella typhi

57
Q

The most common species in the US, one of the most easily communicable bacterial diarrheal pathogens

A

Shigella sonnei

58
Q

Produces several toxins including shiga toxin which can have cytotoxic, enterotoxic and neurotoxic effects

A

Shigella sonnei

59
Q

Antibiotics can delay clinical improvement

A

Shigella sonnei

60
Q

Most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in the world

A

Campylobacter jejuni

61
Q

Contaminated poultry

A

Campylobacter jejuni

62
Q

What is Guillain-Barré syndrome?

A

Life-threatening neurological disease

63
Q

What causes Guillan-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

MLT 140 (3 decks)

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