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Physiology (Gastrointestinal) > Gastrointestinal Blood Flow > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

Name some characteristics of the regional gastrointestinal circulation

A

splanchnic circulation = GI tract + spleen
25% of cardiac output perfuses gut
sub-serves motility, secretion, digestion, absorption
storage site for mobilization of blood during exercise
overlap in submucosal arteries preserves arterial flow

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2
Q

The celiac artery perfuses what part of the GI tract?

A

liver
stomach spleen
pancreas

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3
Q

The superior mesenteric artery perfuses what part of the GI tract?

A

pancreas
small intestine
colon

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4
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery perfuses what part of the GI tract?

A

colon

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5
Q

What are the mammalian portal venous systems?

A

hepatic
hypophyseal
islet-acinar

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6
Q

What are the 2 most important regulators of blood flow to the GI tract?

A

autonomic nerves

general hemodynamics

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7
Q

What are the effects of autonomic nerves on blood flow to the GI tract?

A

sympathetic - vasodilation
parasympathetic - increased blood flow in secretory organs, decreased blood flow in smooth muscle
intrinsic - VIP mediated vasodilatation

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8
Q

What are the general hemodynamic effects on blood flow to the GI tract?

A

decreased cardiac output
decreased arterial pressure
decreased blood volume
decreased fluidity of blood

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9
Q

What is ischemia?

A

when blood flow is insufficient to deliver an amount of oxygen and nutrients necessary for maintenance or cell integrity

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10
Q

What is reperfusion?

A

occurs when blood flow is restored to ischemic tissue

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11
Q

What is IR injury?

A

cellular injury resulting from a period of ischemia followed by restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissue

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12
Q

Explain occlusive ischemia

A

direct disruption of gastrointestinal blood flow such as strangulation, volvulus, intussusception, or thromboembolism

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13
Q

Explain non-occlusive ischemia

A

results from systemic conditions such as sepsis

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14
Q

What are the risk factors for gastric dilitation/volvulus?

A

large and giant breeds
increasing age
rapid food consumption
one meal per day

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15
Q

What are the principles of management of gastric dilitation/volvulus?

A

shock management
gastric decompression
surgery

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16
Q

What is associated with intussusception?

A

parasitism
foreign bodies
viral enteritis
lymphoma

17
Q

What is the therapy for intussusception?

A

reduction or resection

18
Q

Name some signs of porta-caval shunting

A 
small liver volume
cachexia
small body size
failure to grow
anemia
microcytosis

Physiology (Gastrointestinal) (14 decks)

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