Gastrointestinal Assessment and Diagnosis Flashcards
Pre-procedure: Stool is analyzed for fat content, the Dr. will want to see if the patient’s are digesting their food correctly.
The nurse needs to educate the patient that they need to restrict alcohol, and maintain a high fat diet for 72 hours before the exam and the specimen needs to be refrigerated once it’s obtained.
These are the nursing interventions for what diagnostic test?
Fecal fat test
Pre-procedure: Withhold food and fluids for 8-12 hours before the procedure.
Ask the patient not to smoke or chew gum for 8-12 hours because that will increase gastric secretions.
The patient will need to be able to lie still. Remove any abdominal dressings before the procedure.
Administer enemas as prescribed.
These are the nursing interventions for what diagnostic test?
Ultrasound
Pre-procedure: The nurse will withhold fluids and food for the designated # of hours because we need the stomach to be empty of everything but the barium when they look at the films.
These are the nursing interventions for what diagnostic test?
Barium Swallow with Fluoroscopy
The oral cavity is where the food enters the digestive tract, digestion begins with saliva, the _______ provides for transportation to the stomach, the stomach is a hollow organ that holds about a quart and it does secrete some enzymes for digestion one example is __________ , the stomach mixes and stores material before moving the bolus on to the small intestine, The ______ also secretes bile to help with digestion and the ________ secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum once food passes from the stomach to the duodenum. The small intestine absorbs a lot of nutrients and the large intestines absorbs a lot of water.
esophagus
hydrochloric acid
liver Ex. secretes Bile
pancreas Ex. secretes Insulin
What type of diet is the patient on?
Is this a specialized diet?
Why is the patient on that diet?
The nurse will ask these questions during what type of assessment?
Baseline GI Assessment
The Dr. will inject a radioisotope through an IV and looks at the distribution of blood flow through the liver. The patient will need to lie still during the procedure. Sometimes people will have issues with confusion and agitation and sometimes they have to be medicated for some of these tests so they can be still during the procedure.
These are the nursing interventions for what diagnostic test?
Liver scan
Weight changes
Abdominal assessment
The nurse will ask these questions during what type of assessment?
Baseline GI Assessment
Study Tip: Weight changes are especially important to ask about weight changes whether they are intentional or non-intentional because that is a big indicator that something is wrong; especially if they had a 30 lb weight loss and they weren’t trying to lose weight. That is pretty significant.
Weight changes are especially important to ask about whether the loss was intentional or non-intentional because that is a big indicator that something is wrong; especially if they had a ____ lb weight loss and they were NOT trying to lose weight. That is very significant.
30
Name the 9 Regions in a GI assessment? &
What order is the 9 regions of the abdominal assessment?
- Epigastic
- Umbilical
- Hypogastric/Suprapubic
- Right Hypochondriac
- Left Hypochondriac
- Right Lumbar
- Left Lumbar
- Right Inguinal
- Left Inguinal
4 1 5 6 2 7 8 9
The 9 regions are divided across the abdomen into a tic-tac-toe board: starting from the center with 1,2, 3 then you go start with the pt’s right side with 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 moving back and 4th between the right and left sides. Out of them all the one that you will hear the most is ________ and _________ when people are talking about their findings because those are right in the middle of the line because you can’t really call them upper/lower.
The nurse will use this intervention during what type of assessment?
Physical Abdominal Assessment
epigastric
umbilical
Study Tip: This occurs especially when referring to the umbilical because it is right in the center, so those 2 really come in handy if it doesn’t work with the 4 quadrants.
This is just a system of dividing the abdomen to help relay your findings on the left is the 4 quadrant system which we use probably more although we do overlap with the 9 region system, the 4 quadrant is simply the RUQ/RLQ/LUQ/LLQ.
The nurse will use this intervention during what type of assessment?
Physical Abdominal Assessment
Name the 4 Quadrants in a GI assessment?
- RUQ
- RLQ
- LUQ
- LLQ
Where is pain from a perforated duodenal ulcer located on the body during an abdominal assessment?
Right Shoulder Region
Diet Smoking Alcohol Inactivity Stress Contaminated water/food Anger/fear/anxiety These are the \_\_\_\_\_\_ risk factors for GI disorders.
Modifiable
Study Tip:
The Dr. can always prescribe a new diet.
Anger/fear/anxiety can negatively affect the GI tract.
Contaminated water/food which can create a lot of diseases.
Where is pain from cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and a duodenal ulcer located on the body during an abdominal assessment?
RUQ
Pre-procedure: The nurse needs to check if they are allergic to iodine seafood or shellfish. The nurse will monitor their coagulation studies for abnormalities.
The nurse withhold fluid and foods after midnight.
These are the nursing interventions for what diagnostic test?
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
_________ is a study of moving body structures such as the intestines it’s like an x-ray, but it’s a movie.
Fluoroscopy
Pre-Procedure: Talk to the patient because they may feel embarrassed about having this test done.
The nurse should let the patient vent
The nurse will educate the patient that the procedure requires a side-lying position.
Bowel prep may be ordered and be sure to get an ________.
These are the nursing interventions for what diagnostic test?
Proctosigmoidoscopy
informed consent
Where is pain from appendicitis and the colon located on the body during an abdominal assessment?
RLQ
Post-procedure: With anything that involves barium, the nurse need to make sure that the barium has passed like give laxatives, superlatives.
These are the nursing interventions for what diagnostic test?
Barium Swallow with Fluoroscopy
