Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Flashcards
What are the four common causes of intestinal obstruction?
Adhesion (tissue formation between organs), intussusception (inversion of one portion of intestine into the other), volvulus (stomach twisting), or herniation (weak spot in abdominal lining)
What are the series of wave-like muscle contractions that help move food through the esophagus towards the stomach?
Peristalsis
What disease is associated with peristalsis paralysis?
Intestinal ileus
What’s acalasia?
A spasm of the esophageal sphincter
In whom is the Mallory-Weiss tear (esophageal laceration) most commonly found in?
Individuals who suffer from bulimia and alcholics
What is the disease in which you develop “varicose” veins within the lining of the esophagus?
Esophageal varices
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal re-flux disease
What is Barrett metaplasia and what causes it?
A condition in which the lining of the esophagus begins to emulate the lining of the intestines inducing incorrect epithelial cellular repairs; GERD is the primary cause of Barrett’s syndrome
Which is more common, acute hemorrhagic gastritis or chronic atrophic gastritis?
Chronic atrophic gastritis
What’s the difference between stress ulcers and peptic ulcers?
Stress ulcers are acute, superficial ulcers scattered around the gastric mucosa while peptic ulcers are chronic, deep ulcers that generally occur in the duodenum
What congestive abnormalities generally occur after birth?
Meckel diverticulum (weakened intestinal wall) and Hirschsprung’s disease (colon disease resulting in backed up bowl movements)
What period of time passes before a bowl irritation is considered irritable bowl syndrome?
3+ months
Where are hemorrhoids located and what age group are they generally associated with?
In the lining of the rectum near the anus; >50 years old
Is crohn’s disease considered an acute or chronic inflammatory bowel disease?
Chronic
What area specifically in the GI tract does ulcerative colitis affect?
The colon
