Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Derivation of main pancreatic duct

Answer 1

ventral pancreatic bud

Question 2

SADPUCKER

Answer 2

Suprarenal glands
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum
pancreas 
ureters 
colon
kidneys
esophagus
rectum

Question 3

which big contains portal triad

Answer 3

hepatoduodlneal

Question 4

which ligament contains gastroepiploics

Answer 4

gastrocolic

Question 5

name the glands that secrete bicarb in the duodenum

Answer 5

brunner glands,

Question 6

which part of the si has the most goblet cells

Answer 6

the ileum

Question 7

spinal levels:
celiac
SMA
IMA

Answer 7

t12/L1
L1
L3

Question 8

Causes secretion of gastric acid
increases growth of gastric mucosa
increases gastric motility

Answer 8

Gastrin (g cells, antrum and duodenum)

Question 9

Decreases gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion
Decreases pancreatic and SI secretions
Decreases gb contraction
decreases insulin and glucagon release

Answer 9

somatostatin (D cells)

Question 10

Increases pancreatic secretions
Increases gb contraction
decreases gastric emptying
increase sphincter of Oddi relaxation

Answer 10

CCK (I cells)

+FAs, and AAs

Question 11

Increases bicarb from pancreas
decreases gastric acid
increases bile

Answer 11

Secretin (S cells) of duodenum

Neutralizing agent

Question 12

Decreases acid secretion
increases insulin releases
+FAs, AAs, oral glucose

Answer 12

glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide, or GIP (K cells) duodenum and jejunum

Question 13

produces migration motor complexes

Answer 13

Motilin

Question 14

increases intestinal water and electrolyte secretion

increases relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters

Answer 14

VIP

Question 15

Increases appetite

increased in prader willi

Answer 15

grelin–>lateral nuclei

Question 16

IF secreted by which cells?

Answer 16

parietal cells

Question 17

Gastric acid secreted by?

Answer 17

parietal cells

Question 18

pepsin secreted by?

Answer 18

chief cells

Question 19

What activates trypsinogen?

Answer 19

enterokinase/enteropeptidase

Question 20

Where is D-xylose absorbed?

Is it malabsorbed in pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer 20

proximal small bowel via passive diffusion

no, only in small bowel insufficiency

Question 21

Eosinophils in the esophagus
allergens–>dysphagia
esophageal rings and linear furrows on endoscopy

Answer 21

eosinophilic esophagitis

Question 22

Person with esophageal strictures likely suffered from?

Answer 22

acid reflux and caustic ingestion

Question 23

what is the direct cause of GERD

Answer 23

decrease in LES tone

Question 24

dysphagia
esophageal webs
iron deficiency anemia

Answer 24

plummer vinson syndrome

plummers DIE

Question 25

Plummer vinson–>risk of what?

Answer 25

SCC

Question 26

On esophageal manometry:

• decreased LES pressure
• decreased contraction in rest of esophagus

Answer 26

Scleroderma

–>acid reflux and dysphagia

Question 27

pt fell and cracked his head. later a nasogastric tube suctioned bright red blood from the stomach. what’s the mechanism?

Answer 27

cushing: increased vagal stimulation

- ->increased ACh, and increased H+