Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

STEP 2 CK FIRST AID > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

A

Esophageal webs, Fe+ def anemia, glossitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pt presents w/ Chest Pain, dysphagia, and odonophagia. His heart is fine. Dx?

A

Esophageal spasms! Do a barium swallow - will show corkscrew pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pt comes in w/ odonophagia, large superficial lesions in his throat. Pathology - intranucleated and intracytoplasmic inclusions on biopsy. Dx/Dx?

A

CMV esophagitis

Tx: Gancyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Zenkers Diverticula stick through what muscle?

A

The Cricopharyngeous muscle.

Pt. will have halitosis, and regurg of undigested food

Dx w/ barium swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk factors for esophageal SqCC and Adeno?

A

SqCC: smokin’ and drinkin’ (upper 2/3)
Adeno: GERD. popular in US (lower 1/3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why does esophageal CA metz early?

A

It has no serosa to hold it in!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What gastric hernia do you have to surgery for?

A

Paraesophageal (GE jxn stays put but the fundus herniates up through the LES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type A vs Type B gastritis

A

Type A: Fundus gastritis; due to Abs to parietal cells (shut down of this fxn will cause pernicious anema d/t lack of IF.) associated w/ Adeno CA & carcinoid tumors

Type B: Antrum gastritis; due to NSAIDs/H.pylori. Associated w/ PUD and Gastric CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is triple therapy for h.pylori?

A

Amox, Clarithro, PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the only CA that is cured w. Abx therapy?

A

MALT. It is a lymphoma that is associated w/ h. pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of gastric CA has signet cells?

A

Diffuse type. This has unknown cause.

Intestinal type is caused by h.pylori, nitrates, and no veggies. Does not have signet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What medication do you give to pts with PUD who have to take NSAIDs for coexisting arthritis or something

A

Misoprostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Zollinger Edilsons Syndrome

A

A gastrin tumor (hi gastrin output) in duo/pancreas. Cuases increased gastric acid secretion and ulcers.

associated with MEN1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some organisms that cause bloody diarrhea?

A

Salmonella, Shigella, E coli (EHEC), and campylobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A guy goes camping and drinks from a nasty stream and then gets diarrhea. Dx? Tx?

A

Campylobacter - the poo will be bloody

Tx = Erythromycin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the dreaded complication from c.diff diarrhea? How do you Dx c.diff colitis? Tx?

A

Toxic Megacolon

Dx c.diff colitis by checking for c.diff toxin in stool.

Tx: PO Metro or PO Vanc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Guy goes to mexico and drinks nasty water then gets diarrhea. What is the cause? What does endoscopy show? Tx? what drug is CONTRAINDICATED?

A

Entamoeba Histolytica
Endoscopy shows flask shaped ulcers
Tx = PO Metro
Don’t use steroids, you can get a FATAL PERFORATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for E.Coli diarrhea 157:H7?

A

No therapy, just let it pass.

if you try and treat w/ Abx or antidiarrheals, you will increase the risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the main cause of osteomyelitis in sicklers?

A

Salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the tx for salmonella OR shigella diarrhea?

A

TMP-SMX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the organisms that cause watery diarrhea?

A

Cholerae, rotavirus, e.coli, crypto (think aids), giardia

22
Q

Person with malabsorption has a hydrogen breath test revealing increased hydrogen after lactose. Dx?

A

Lactose intolerance

23
Q

Classic Niacin def?

A

Pellagra: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death

24
Q

Where do carcinoid tumors arise from? When do they become symptomatic? Dx test? Tx?

A

The ileum or appendix

Must pass the liver to be symptomatic

Dx test = 5-HIAA (serotonin) in urine
Tx = octreotide

25
Q

What are the symptoms of a partial SBO?

What is a bad sign on CBC?

A

Flatus will pass, but no stool

Bad sign = leukocytosis - this can indicate ischemia or necrosis of bowel.

26
Q

Difference between SBO and Ileus on XR?

A

Ileus has hair present throughout the small and large bowel, SBO has no air distal to the obstruction

27
Q

What will the labs for Mesenteric Ischemia look like?

A

leukocytosis
metabolic acidosis
hi lactate, amylase, LDH, and CK

28
Q

What is the most common cause of acute lower GI bleeding in patients >40yo?

A

Diverticulousis

29
Q

Tx fo diverticulitis?

A 
bowel rest (NPO)
NG tube
BS ABx (Metro and an FQ)
30
Q

What is the most common cause of an LBO?

A

colon cancer. can present with feculent vomit (ew)

31
Q

What bacteria has a connection to colon cancer?

A

S. Bovis

32
Q

What are the colon cancer screening rules for UC patients?

A

Colonoscopy every 1-2 years starting 8 years after UC is diagnosed.

33
Q

What 3 things make up the boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament
Inferior Epigastric artery
Rectus Abdominis

34
Q

Patient who is chronically debilitated or critically ill gets symptoms of cholecystitis but U.S shows no stones

A

Acalculous Cholecystitis

35
Q

What do the labs of choledocholithiasis look like?

A

Increased alk phos, increased total and direct bilirubin

36
Q

What is Charcots triad? What dz is it associated with?

A

RUQ pain, jaundice, fever/chills. See it with ascending cholangitis

37
Q

What do labs for ascending cholangitis look like?

A

Leukocytosis
Increased Bilirubin
Increased alk phos

38
Q

What disease is PSC associated with? What do labs look like?

A

PSC is associated with ulcerative colitis

labs = increased alk phos and increased bilirubin

ERP will show BEADING (multiple bile duct strictures)

39
Q

What would a liver bx of PSC look like?

A

Periductal sclerosis (onion skinning)

40
Q

Which is more likely to be obtained via sex? HBV or HCV?

A

HBV

41
Q

College student with jaundice, normal CBC and smear, and only thing that is elevated is unconjugated bili. Dx? Tx?

A

Gilberts syndrome = AR def of bilirubin glucoronidation due to decreased activity of gluc transferase.

No tx, it is benign

42
Q

What defines cholestasis? What 2 causes are there?

A

Defined as increased phosphatase and biliruben
If ductal dilation –> Intrahepatic cholestasis (meds, sepsis, postop)

If no dilation –> Obstruction (stone, stricture, CA)

43
Q

What does detection of HBsAb mean?

A

It indicates that the pt has HBV in them. This indicates a carrier state.

44
Q

What does presence of HBsAb mean?
HBeAg
HBeAb?

A
  1. immunity
  2. indicates you are highly transmissible
  3. Antibody to e Ag, indicates low transmissibility
45
Q

Why concern for ascites with >250 PMNs?

A

This can be spntaneous bacterial peritonitis

46
Q

Calculation for SAAG? Interpretation?

A

SAAG = serum albumin - ascites albumin
SAAG >1.1 = related to portal HTN (cirrhosis, RHF, budd-chairi)
SAAG

47
Q

Jaundice and pruritis in a middle aged woman with a hx of autoimmune disease? labs? tx?

A

PBC. will have hi alk phos, bili, and AMA

Tx: Ursodeoxycholic acid (slows progression), cholecystyramine (for pruritis) and liver trany

48
Q

Causes of 1* and 2* Hemachromotosis? labs?

A

1* - AR mutation in HFE gene - causes increased iron uptake
2* - chronic transfusions - a-thalessemia

labs = hi iron and hi transferrin sat

Higher rates of cirrhosis and hepatic CA

49
Q

Sx of wilsons disease? Dx? Tx?

A

cirrhsis, tremor, psychosis.

There will be low serum ceruloplasmin.

lay off the copper and tx w/ penacillamine!

50
Q

What lifestyle change can fight away pancreatic CA?

A

quitting smoking

51
Q

What is Trousseau’s sign?

A

Migratory thrombophlebitis on the arms and chest etc. Signifies malignancy, most likely pancreatic cA

STEP 2 CK FIRST AID (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions