Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

STEP 2 CK FIRST AID > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What will a serum study show early in in DM1?

A

Anti-islet and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies

This is NOT the case in DM2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 criteria for metabolic syndrome? How many do you need to meet the Dx?

A

Waist: >40 in men, >35 in women
TAG: >150
HDL: 130/85 or currently on antiHTNs
Fasting Glucose: >100 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
Side Effects of DM drugs:
Sulfas (glipizide)
Metformin
Thiazolidinedoines (Glitazone's)
a-glucosidase inhibitors
DPP4 blockers (Sitaglyptin)
Incretins (GLP-1 agonists)
A

Sulfas (glipizide) = weight gain
Metformin: weight loss, GI, lactic acidosis
Thiazolidinedoines (Glitazone’s): weight gain, edema, hepatic tox, bone loss
a-glucosidase inhibitors: flatus
DPP4 blockers (Sitaglyptin): none
Incretins (GLP-1 agonists): nausea, pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
MOA of DM drugs:
Sulfas (glipizide)
Metformin
Thiazolidinedoines (Glitazone's)
a-glucosidase inhibitors
DPP4 blockers (Sitaglyptin)
Incretins (GLP-1 agonists)
A

Sulfas (glipizide): increase insulin secretion

Metformin: blocks hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases sensitivity to insulin

Thiazolidinedoines (Glitazone’s): increases insulin sensitivity

a-glucosidase inhibitors: decrease absorption of carbs

DPP4 blockers (Sitaglyptin): blocks GLP-1 degredation

Incretins (GLP-1 agonists): increases insulin secretion and decreases glucagon secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do you use an RAI uptake test?

A

When you are diagnosing hyperthyroidism

It doesn’t do much for dx malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is total T4 not a good screening test?

A

Most T4 is bound to TGB, and this protein can fluxuate with bodily states (pregnancy etc.)

it is better to measure free T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What states increases TBG?

A

pregnancy, estrogen therapy, infection, nephritic syndrome

Higher TBG will cause less T4 to be free and active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes Graves dz? What will the RAI look like?

A

autoAbs that stimulate the thyroid receptors and secrete free T4/T3.

RAI will be increased uptake diffusely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes a toxic adenoma (Toxic Multinodular Goiter)? What will the RAI look like?

A

It is an autonomous hyperactive nodule.

RAI uptake will be increased only in the nodule w/ decreased uptake elsewhere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes thyroiditis? What will the RAI look like?

A

Viral state, postpartum, can cause inflammation of the gland which will release PREFORMED T4/T3.

RAI uptake will be decreased

A HYPOthyroid STATE MAY FOLLOW!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What effect does DA, Somatostatin, and Glucocorticoids have on the thyroid?

A

They all inhibit TSH release @ the pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the tx for a thyroid storm?

A

Propranalol (get that BP down), PTU, and CTSDs

Do a high dose K+ iodide if it is bad enough.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the cause of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?

A

autoAbs that block thyroglobulin, and antimicrosomal (TPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tx for myxedema coma?

A

URGENT TX IN ICU (mortality of 30-60%)

Tx = CTSDs (hydorcortisone) and levothyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What medication can cause thyroiditis?

A

Amiodarone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the only form of thyroiditis that presents with painful thyroid?

A

subacute thyroiditis

17
Q

Papillary Thyroid CA

A

Most common form of thyroid CA

Found in follicular cells
branching (papillary)
orphan annie eyes/psamomma bodies
positive prognosis

18
Q

Follicular Thyroid CA

A

Also in the follicular cells
Not as common as papillary CA
INVASION OF CAPSULE AND BLOOD VESSELS WILL MEAN ITS FOLLICULAR CA AND NOT ADENOMA

19
Q

Medullary Thyroid CA

A

Found in the C-cells (calcitonin +)
Invades vascularly
associated with MEN 2A/B

20
Q

Anaplastic Thyroid CA

A

Metz quickly and big time
Bad prognosis
Rarest

21
Q

What is the criteria for osteoporosis?

A

BMD

22
Q

Pagets disease

A

Dz of increased bone turn over.excessive resorption
Caused by latent viral infections
Mosaic lamellar bone (looks like weird thickening on XR)
Associated w/ 1* hyperPTH
labs: increased alk phos w/ normal Ca and Phos
Can cause high output HF

23
Q

When does 3* hyper PTH occur?

A

In dialysis pts (chronic RF w/ inability to make Vit D and thus no Ca) leading to chronic hyperPTH to the point of hyperparathyroid hyperplasia

24
Q

What do the labs of 1, 2, and 3* hyperPTH look like?

A

1* (or ectopic PTH sec): hi Ca, low P, hi Ca in urine, hi PTH
2: nm/low Ca, hi P, hi PTH
3 hi Ca, P, and PTH

25
Q

Define ACTH dependent increase cortisol

A

If cortisol lvls correlate w/ ACTH levels, then the cause is cushings Dz (pit adenoma) or ectopic tumor (lung)

If cortisol and ACTH act independently, the cause is adrenal or exogenous steroid use

26
Q

Dexamethasone Suppression Test

A

Decreased in cusings

Increased (negative) in ectopic tumor/steroid use

27
Q

What symptoms will acromegaly have (other than the obvious?) Tx?

A

carpel tunnel, DM, diastolic disfunction, b/l hemianopsia

Tx: Octreotide (somatostatin) will decrease GH secretion. Pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist)

28
Q

Medical tx for increased prolactin levels?

A

Dopamine (cabergoline, bromocriptine)

29
Q

Sheehans Syndrome?

A

post partum post pit ischemia causing decreased ADH (which causes central D.I.)

30
Q

What medication can cause Nephrogenic D.I.?

A

Lithium

31
Q

DDAVP will treat central DI but not nephrogenic. How do you treat nephrogenic?

A

b/c nephrogenic DI has a decreased sensitivity to ADH.

Tx instead w/ hydration, decreased salt intake, thiazides

32
Q

What lung dz causes SIADH? What does the urine osm, and urine Na look like?

A

small cell lung CA, but also sarcoid, COPD, or PNX

Urine Osm will be hi (>50-100)
Urine Na will be >20 (indicating that the pt is NOT dehydrated.

33
Q

What is the Tx for SIADH?

A

Demeclocycline (ADH antagonist)

34
Q

What is the most common cause of 1* Adrenal Insuffiency worldwide? US?

A

world = TB, then Neisseria Men

US: autoimmune (addisons dz)

35
Q

MEN 1
MEN 2A
MEN 2B

A

MEN 1 = Pituitary, Parathyroid, Pancreas (ZE syndrome w/ islet cell tumor or insulinoma/VIPoma)
MEN2A: Medullary Thyroid CA, Pheo, Pituitary
MEN2B: Medullary Thyroid CA, Mucosal tumors, Pheo, MARFANS

36
Q

What enzyme will be high in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

A

17-hydroxyprogestreone (cant form 21-hydroxy)

Electrolyte issues = low Na, high K, metabolic acidosis.

STEP 2 CK FIRST AID (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions