gastrointestinal

Question 1

stapyloccal

Answer 1

hamberger PEI / food born illness

Question 2

campylobacter gastroenteritis

Answer 2

campylobacter jejuni/ in chicken or unpasteurized milk

Question 3

salmonella

Answer 3

contaminated food, poultry

Question 4

Typhoid fever

Answer 4

salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
contaminated food water/fecal-oral route, a/b/ Vaccination

Question 4

E-coli

Answer 4

EnterotoxigenicE. coli(ETEC)
EnteroinvasiveE. coli(EIEC)
EnteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC)
EnterohaemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC)-bloody diarrhea-no a/b risk of hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Question 5

Clostridium perfingens Gastroenteritis

Answer 5

type a strains are common/ possible intesinal gangrene- high mortality rate

Question 6

shigellosis(bacillary dysentery)

Answer 6

invasion of colonic epithelium can be direct contact/antibiotic resistance/highly drug-resistant pathogen of increasing prevalence
toxin targeting large ribosomal subunit, hemorrhaging and lesions in the colon, also target the glomerulus in the kidney, leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS)
pus mucus, or blood, reactive arthritis,
diagnosis stool samples

Question 7

cholera

Answer 7

vibrio cholera serotype 01water sources contaminated/ rice water stool diarrhea
treatment focuses on rehydration electrolyte replacement with a/b
clean drinking water, sewage treatment

Question 8

peptic ulcers

Answer 8

Helicobacter phlori, nausea, appetite loss, bloating, burping, weight loss.

Question 9

Clostridium difficile

Answer 9

Toxin A and Toxin B: disrupt proteins responsible for controlling cell shape, cause epithelial cells to lose their structure and die
a/b can cause the bacteria to proliferate
fever, pain, perforated colon lead to sepsis and death

Question 10

rotavirus

Answer 10

95% of children infected by age five/vaccine

Question 11

norovirus

Answer 11

Norwalk, caliciviruses, touching contaminated surfaces and through food, bleach solution. 3.78L of water 5 tablespoons
projectile vomiting, PCR test, from healthcare facility, restaurant, on a cruise ship.

Question 12

Hepatitis

Answer 12

vaccination
A,E-contaminated food or water(self-limting infections) jaundice HAV-vaccine also protect against HEV
BCD-infected blood or body fluids
HBV can protect against HDV
dark urine due to bilirubin buidup
Vaccine A,B

Question 12

cellulitis and erysipelas

Answer 12

blood cultures and cultures from debrided tissue

Question 13

Impetigo

Answer 13

Nonbullous
bullous
contagious skin infection, around nose and mouth, vesicles, pustules and large filled blisters. S. pyogenes
treatment: topical and oral a/b

Question 14

Necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 14

flesh eating disease
destruction of the muscle fascia and subcutaneous fat
extreme pain
septic shock(tachycardia, hypotension, elevated CRP and white blood cell count)
streptococous

Question 15

cutaneous papillomas

Answer 15

warts, papillomavirus(HPV), freezing with liquid nitrogen,

Question 16

herpes simplex virus

Answer 16

HSV-1 oral herpes
HSV-genital herpes

Question 17

pseudomonas skin infections(super bug)

Answer 17

pseudomonas aeruginosa
found in waster, soil, and on human skin
green nail syndrome, ear piercing or acupunture, burn wound infections.
Ecthyma gangrenosum
often resistant to a/v

Question 18

Tineas

Answer 18

dermatophytes skin, hair, nails. antifungal creams

Question 19

candidiasis of the skin and nails

Answer 19

yeast, skin fold, nail, yellow, hardened nail, antifungals

Question 20

conjuctivitis

Answer 20

bacterial-purulent discharge
viral-watery, mucoserous discharge(bumpy))

Question 21

hyperacute bacterial conjuctivitis

Answer 21

genital to eye contact
copious purulent discharge
requires systemic therapy

Question 22

erythema nosodum

Answer 22

on the shine
streptococcal infection

Question 23

cutaneous anthrax

Question 24

roseola

Answer 24

infant and young children, caused by human herpesvirus, high fever, distinctive rash, and mild upper respiratory symptoms. swollen lymph nodes. no treatment

Question 25

giardiasis

Answer 25

water bone disease , parasites, diarrhea ,

Question 26

fifth’s disease

Answer 26

children, cough, runny nose, fever, rash, no treatment. pregnant woman,

Question 27

cryptosporidiosis

Answer 27

diarrhea, parasite, infected water, swimming,

Question 28

trachoma

Answer 28

causes scarring to the eyelid, makes the eyelashes turn inward, they scrape against the eye, Africa, chlamydia trachomatis