gastrointestinal Flashcards
stapyloccal
hamberger PEI / food born illness
campylobacter gastroenteritis
campylobacter jejuni/ in chicken or unpasteurized milk
salmonella
contaminated food, poultry
Typhoid fever
salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
contaminated food water/fecal-oral route, a/b/ Vaccination
E-coli
EnterotoxigenicE. coli(ETEC)
EnteroinvasiveE. coli(EIEC)
EnteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC)
EnterohaemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC)-bloody diarrhea-no a/b risk of hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Clostridium perfingens Gastroenteritis
type a strains are common/ possible intesinal gangrene- high mortality rate
shigellosis(bacillary dysentery)
invasion of colonic epithelium can be direct contact/antibiotic resistance/highly drug-resistant pathogen of increasing prevalence
toxin targeting large ribosomal subunit, hemorrhaging and lesions in the colon, also target the glomerulus in the kidney, leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS)
pus mucus, or blood, reactive arthritis,
diagnosis stool samples
cholera
vibrio cholera serotype 01water sources contaminated/ rice water stool diarrhea
treatment focuses on rehydration electrolyte replacement with a/b
clean drinking water, sewage treatment
peptic ulcers
Helicobacter phlori, nausea, appetite loss, bloating, burping, weight loss.
Clostridium difficile
Toxin A and Toxin B: disrupt proteins responsible for controlling cell shape, cause epithelial cells to lose their structure and die
a/b can cause the bacteria to proliferate
fever, pain, perforated colon lead to sepsis and death
rotavirus
95% of children infected by age five/vaccine
norovirus
Norwalk, caliciviruses, touching contaminated surfaces and through food, bleach solution. 3.78L of water 5 tablespoons
projectile vomiting, PCR test, from healthcare facility, restaurant, on a cruise ship.
Hepatitis
vaccination
A,E-contaminated food or water(self-limting infections) jaundice HAV-vaccine also protect against HEV
BCD-infected blood or body fluids
HBV can protect against HDV
dark urine due to bilirubin buidup
Vaccine A,B
cellulitis and erysipelas
blood cultures and cultures from debrided tissue
Impetigo
Nonbullous
bullous
contagious skin infection, around nose and mouth, vesicles, pustules and large filled blisters. S. pyogenes
treatment: topical and oral a/b
Necrotizing fasciitis
flesh eating disease
destruction of the muscle fascia and subcutaneous fat
extreme pain
septic shock(tachycardia, hypotension, elevated CRP and white blood cell count)
streptococous
cutaneous papillomas
warts, papillomavirus(HPV), freezing with liquid nitrogen,
herpes simplex virus
HSV-1 oral herpes
HSV-genital herpes
pseudomonas skin infections(super bug)
pseudomonas aeruginosa
found in waster, soil, and on human skin
green nail syndrome, ear piercing or acupunture, burn wound infections.
Ecthyma gangrenosum
often resistant to a/v
Tineas
dermatophytes skin, hair, nails. antifungal creams
candidiasis of the skin and nails
yeast, skin fold, nail, yellow, hardened nail, antifungals
conjuctivitis
bacterial-purulent discharge
viral-watery, mucoserous discharge(bumpy))
hyperacute bacterial conjuctivitis
genital to eye contact
copious purulent discharge
requires systemic therapy
erythema nosodum
on the shine
streptococcal infection
