Gastroesophageal reflux disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is GERD?

A

Retrograde flow of stomach contents into the oesophagus causes irritation to the epithelial lining

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2
Q

What are risk factors of GERD?

A

(Main cause) Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (tLESRs)
(Risk factors) Lifestyle habits (i.e. smoking, caffeine + alcohol consumption)
Stress
Obesity
Pregnancy
Scleroderma ( chronic disease caused by abnormal growth of connective tissue)
Sliding hiatal hernia

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3
Q

What are the clinical features of GERD?

A
Retrosternal burning pain + worsens when lying down
Pressure sensation on chest 
Regurgitation 
Non-productive / Nocturnal cough  
Halitosis
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4
Q

How is GERD diagnosed?

A

Clinical features
Endoscopy if dysphagia or >55yrs + alarm symptoms or treatment resistant dyspepsia
pH monitoring + manometry can help if endoscopy normal

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5
Q

What is the treatment for GERD?

A

(Lifestyle) Weight loss, smoking + alcohol cessation, small portion meals
(Medical) Antacids (e.g. magnesium trisilicate). alginates (e.g. gaviscon), PPI (lamsoprazole)
(Surgery) Laproscopic Nissen fundoplication (indications such as Barrett’s, strictures, aspiration)

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6
Q

What are the differential diagnosis of GERD?

A

Other forms of oesophagitis (infection, drug induced, eosinophilic)
Angina
Achalasia (failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax)

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