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High Yield Concepts > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Secreted by G cells (antrum), stimulates parietal cells in fundus

A

Gastrin

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2
Q

Secreted by I cells (duodenum), contracts gallbladder & prolongs gastric emptying time

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

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3
Q

Secreted by S cells (duodenum), inhibits acid secretion

A

Secretin

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4
Q

Secreted by K cells (duodenum), stimulates insulin secretion

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Peptide (GIP)

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5
Q

Stimulate gastric acid secretion ( synergistic effects)

A

Gastrin
Histamine
Acetylcholine

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6
Q

Stimulates mucus in the stomach

A

Mucus neck cells

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7
Q

Stimulates motility during fasting

A

Motilin

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8
Q

Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (IF) in the stomach

HCl = parietal

A

Parietal cells

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9
Q

Secretes pepsinogen in the stomach

A

Chief cells

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10
Q

Secretes serotonin in the stomach

A

Enterochromaffin cells

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11
Q

Secretes histamine in the stomach

A

Enterochromaffin-like cells

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12
Q

Pacemaker cells of the GI tract (generate slow waves)

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

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13
Q

Preferred functional unit of liver

A

Liver Acinus Model (Zones 1-3)

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14
Q

Store vitamin A in the liver

A

Ito cells

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15
Q

Intestinal enzyme that triggers conversion of pancreatic trypsinogen to trypsin

A

Enterokinase

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16
Q

Main mechanism for bile salt reabsorption

A

Enterohepatic circulation

17
Q

Triglyceride absorption

A

Lumen -> Interstitial cells as micelles

Intestinal cells -> lymph vessels (lacteals) as Chylomicrons

18
Q

Start of digestion

A

Carbohydrates: mouth (salivary glands)
Fats: Stomach (lingual lipase)
Proteins: Stomach (pepsin and denaturation by Hcl)

19
Q

Absorption of nutrients

A

Duodenum: Iron, vitamin C
Jejunum: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water
Ileum: Vit B12, bile salts, Vitamins ADEK

20
Q

Rules of 2’s in Meckel’s Diverticulum

A
  • 2% of the population
  • 2 y/o
  • 2:1 male:female ratio
  • 2 types of tissue involved
  • 2 inches long
  • 2 feet from ileocecal valve
21
Q

Diagnostic criteria for IBS

A

Recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort at least 3 days per month in the last 3 months assoc w/ 2 or more of the ff:

  • Improvement w/ defecation
  • onset assoc w/ a change in frequency of stool
  • onset assoc w/ a change in appearance of stool
22
Q

Charcot’s triad for Ascending Cholangitis

A
  • Fever
  • abdominal pain
  • jaundice

> FPJ

23
Q

Charcot’s Neurologic trias for multiple sclerosis

A
  • scannning speech
  • intention tremor
  • nystagmus

> SIN

24
Q

Reynold’s Pentad

A
  • Charcot’s Chonagitis triad ( fever, abd pain, jaundice)
  • shock
  • confusion
25
Q

Triad for Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

A
  • Liver disease
  • Hypoxemia
  • Pulmonary arteriovenous shunting
26
Q

Triad of Acute Cholecyctitis

A
  • sudden RUQ tenderness
  • fever
  • leukocytosis
27
Q

Triad of Choledochal Cyst

A
  • abd pain
  • jaundice
  • abd mass
28
Q

Triad of Hemobilia

A
  • biliary pain
  • obstructive jaundice
  • melena
29
Q

Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis

A
  • typical abdominal pain
  • 3x or greater elevation in serum amylase and or lipase levels
  • confirmatory findings on cross sectional abdominal imaging
30
Q

Triad of Hemorrhage from Pancreatic Pseudocyst

A
  • Increase in the size of the mass
  • a localized bruit over the mass
  • sudden decrease in Hgb and Hct w/o obvious external blood loss
31
Q

Classic symptoms of GERD

A

water brash and substernal heartburn

32
Q

Most common cause of espohageal chest pain

A

GERD

33
Q

Most sensitive test for the diagnosis of GERD

A

24 hr ambulatory pH monitoring

34
Q

Perception of a lump or fullness in the throat that is felt irrespective of swallowing

A

Globus hystericus

35
Q

Characteristic symptom of Infectious esophagitis

A

odynophagia

36
Q

Common cause of Steakhouse syndrome

A

Schatzki ring in the lower esophagus ( meat usually instigates intermittent food impaction)

37
Q

Radiographic sign in Achalasia

A

Bird’s beak appearance

38
Q

Seen radiographically in diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) or spastic achalasia

A

Corkscrew or rosary bead esophagus

High Yield Concepts (3 decks)

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