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Pharm III final > gastroenterology > Flashcards

gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

function of bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol)

A
  • antidiarrheals
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2
Q

function of ondansetron

A
  • zofran
  • anti-emetic
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3
Q

function of sodium bicarbonate

A
  • antacid
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4
Q

function of promethazine

A
  • phenergan
  • anti-emetic
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5
Q

function of proclorperazine

A
  • anti-emetic
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6
Q

function of diphenoxylate/atropine

A
  • lomotil
  • anti-diarrheal
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7
Q

function of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide

A
  • acid neutralizing agents
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8
Q

“prazole”

A

PPI

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9
Q

“-Tidine”

A
  • H2 blockers
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10
Q

function of Dicyclomine

A
  • bentyl
  • antispasmodic
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11
Q

function of metoclopramide

A
  • reglan
  • prokinetic agent
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12
Q

function of misoprostol

A
  • cytoprotective
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13
Q

most appropriate medication for patient with new onset nocturnal heartburn

A
  • ranitidine
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14
Q

why are H2 blockers good for tx heartburn

A
  • quick onset
  • most effective for decreasing noctural acid formation
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15
Q

why is cimetidine not the best choice for tx of heartburn

A
  • inhibitor of CYP450- drug interactions
  • chronic cimetidine at high doses -> antiandrogen effect
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16
Q

tx of reflux esophagitis

A
  • PPI
    • omeprazole
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17
Q

list possible risks of long term therapy of PPI

A
  • nutrient malabsorption: calcium, magnesium
  • respiratory/enteric infections
    • acid serves as barrier for bacterial infection
  • chronic kidney disease

​​use lowest effective dose for shortest duration

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18
Q

how long do PPIs take to have an effect

A
  • 3-4 days
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19
Q

when should PPIs be taken

A
  • best given in the morning, 30 minutes before breakfast
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20
Q

if PPIs are discontinues abruptly, what can occur

A
  • acid hypersecretion
    • consider taper therapy
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21
Q

what is the risk of prescribing sodium bicarbonate as an antacid

A
  • fluid retention
    • caution in pts with heart failure
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22
Q

what is the risk of prescribing magnesium-containing antacid

A
  • risk of hypermagnesemia: caution in patients with renal insufficiency
  • diarrhea
23
Q

what is the risk of prescribing calcium carbonate as an antacid

A
  • hypercalcemia
24
Q

patients who take advair diskus with new onset dysphagia. presumptive diagnosis

A
  • candidiasis esophagitis
25
Q

medication recommendation for candidiasis esophagitis

A
  • fluconazole
26
Q

what are the drug interactions with co-administration of antifungals and statins

A
  • myopathy
  • rhabdomyolisis
    • consider holding statin for duration of candidiasis tx
27
Q

in addition to NSAIDS, concomitant use of which medications can contribute/complicate Peptic ulcer disease

A
  • anticoagulants
  • corticosteroids
  • anti-platelets
28
Q

patient taking NSAIDs at risk for ulceration should be given what medication

A
  • misoprostol
29
Q

absolute contraindication for misoprostol

A
  • pregnancy, cat X
    • can induce labor and uterine rupture
30
Q

which abx is used to eradicate H. pylori

A
  • clarithromycin
31
Q

what should you remember if patient who is scheduled for H. pylori testing is currently taking a PPI

A
  • PPIs may cause false negative results in H. pylori tests
    • ideally, PPIs should be discontinued 2 weeks prior to performing tests
32
Q

H. pylori tests available

A
  • stool antigen
  • urea breath test
33
Q

if patient who is undergoing tx for H. pylori is taking a statin, risks increase for

A
  • myopathy
  • rhabdomyolysis
    • consider holding statin for duration of H. pylori tx
34
Q

what is the best long term treatment option for diabetic gastroparesis

A

improve glucose control

35
Q

adverse effects of Metoclopramide

A
  • extrapyramidal symptoms
  • tardive dyskinesia
    • lowest effective dose for shortest duration possible
  • educate pt about abd cramping, diarrhea
36
Q

contraindications of Metoclopramide

A
  • obstruction
  • perforation
  • hemorrhage
37
Q

adverse effects of Ondansetron

A
  • serotonin syndrome: 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
  • dose dependent QT interval prolongation : caution in combo with anti-arrhythmics
38
Q

side effects of Promethazine

A
  • sedating. potentiates CNS and respiratory depression
  • CI in children < 2 due to cases of respiratory fatalities
39
Q

side effects of prochlorperazine

A
  • dopamine, muscarinic, histamine antagonist
  • anticholinergic effects
  • CNS depression
  • may cause extrapyramidal symptoms
40
Q

which of the following medications can exacerbate constipation

  • anti-psychotics
  • aluminum hydroxide
  • dicyclomine
  • anti-depressants
A
  • all of the above
41
Q

MOA of dicyclomine

A
  • anticholinergic used for antispasmotic
42
Q

side effects of dicyclomine

A
  • visual disturbances
  • dry mouth
  • constipation
  • urinary retention
43
Q

MOA of metamucil, citrucel

A
  • bulk forming
    • ​bloating, flatulence common
44
Q

MOA of Docusate

A
  • stool softener
    • sage in pregnancy
45
Q

MOA of magnesium hydroxide

A
  • osmotic laxative
    • caution in pts with renal insufficiency
46
Q

MOA of Bisacodyl (dulcolax)

A
  • stimulant laxative
    • may cause abd cramping
47
Q

contraindications for laxative

A
  • acute abdomen
  • intestinal blockage
  • perforation
  • toxin megacolon
48
Q

problems with overuse of laxative

A
  • laxative dependency
  • fluid/electrolyte imbalance
  • melanosis coli and alterations in bowel function
49
Q

contraindications for use of anti-diarrheals

A
  • bloody or suspected infectious diarrhea
  • high fever/toxicity
  • pseudomembranous colitis
  • acute ulcerative colitis
50
Q

adverse reactions of anti-diarrheals

A
  • ileus
  • toxic megacolon
51
Q

adverse effect of pepto-bismol

A
  • temporary, harmless, black stools/tongue
52
Q

precautions/CI with pepto-bismol

A
  • contains salicylate
    • ​CI in ASA allergy
    • avoid use in children recovering from viral illness -> reyes
53
Q

first line therapy for inflammatory bowel diease: ulcerative colitis

A
  • prednisone
54
Q

when screening tests are necessary to obtain prior to considering intiating immunosuppression therapy

A
  • CBC - neutropenia
  • CMP - hepatotoxicity
  • PPD - inc risk TB
  • hep B serology

Pharm III final (8 decks)

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