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Immunology & Microbiology > Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

E. coli gram stain

A
  • gram negative rods

- facultative anaerobes

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2
Q

ETEC pathenogenesis

A
  1. colonisation factor antigen (cfa) enables fimbrial adhesion
  2. heat-liable (LT) toxin - AB5 cytotonic, permanent
  3. heat-stable (ST) toxin - peptide, non-permanent
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3
Q

EPEC pathenogenesis

A
  1. bundle forming pili (bfp) enables fimbrial adhesion
  2. T3SS transfers tir into cell
  3. tir binds intimin
  4. intimin mediates intimate adherence and A/E lesions
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4
Q

EHEC pathenogenesis

A
  1. stx 1 & stx 2 toxins - AB5 cytotoxic

2. toxins bind to gb3 receptor and stop protein production to kill cell

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5
Q

ETEC incubation period

A

1-3 days

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6
Q

EHEC incubation period

A

3-5 days

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7
Q

Vibrio cholerae gram stain

A
  • gram negative curved rods
  • facultative anaerobes
  • need 1% salt on media
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8
Q

Vibrio cholerae pathenogenesis

A
  1. toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) enables fimbrial adhesion

2. AB5 cholera toxin causes intestinal hypersecretion

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9
Q

Vibrio cholerae incubation period

A

1-3 days

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10
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathenogenesis and incubation period

A
  • invade epithelium causing bloody stools

- 6-96 hour incubation period

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11
Q

Shigella gram stain

A
  • gram negative rods
  • facultative anaerobe
  • lactose non-fermenting
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12
Q

Shigella pathenogenesis

A
  1. invasion plasmid antigens (ipa) via T3SS causes inflammatory immune response
  2. leaky gut due to inflammation
  3. icsa protein polymerises actin in bacteria
  4. Stx 1 produced to kill cells
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13
Q

Shigella incubation period

A

1-3 days

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14
Q

ETEC sources

A

traveller’s diarrhoea - contaminated water & fruit/veg

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15
Q

EPEC sources

A

contaminated water & food

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16
Q

EHEC sources

A

undercooked mincemeat (hamburgers)

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17
Q

Vibrio cholerae sources

A
  • contaminated water & food
  • coastal water & human intestinal flora
  • asymptomatic human carriers (excretors)
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18
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus sources

A

contaminated & raw shellfish

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19
Q

Shigella sources

A

contaminated water & fruit/veg

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20
Q

Salmonella gram stain

A
  • gram negative rods

- lactose non-fermenting

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21
Q

Salmonella incubation period

A

8-48 hours

22
Q

Salmonella pathenogensis

A
  1. salmonella invasion proteins (sip) encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI 1)
  2. SPI 2 encodes T3SS & salmonella survival antigens (ssa)
  3. ssa transported to mesenteric lymph nodes via macrophages
23
Q

Salmonella sources

A

undercooked chicken and eggs

24
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica gram stain

A
  • gram negative rod
  • facultative anaerobe
  • lactose non-fermenting
25
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica incubation period

A

4-7 days

26
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica pathenogenesis

A
  1. invasin assist adhesion
  2. RGD-tripeptide binds to beta 1 integrins
  3. yersinia outer protein M (yopM) - regulates cell cycle
  4. yopP - inhibits host cell immune response
27
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica sources

A

food borne, even when refrigerated, mostly pork

28
Q

Campylobacter gram stain

A
  • gram negative curved rods

- microaerophilic

29
Q

Campylobacter incubation period

A

2-10 days

30
Q

Campylobacter pathenogenesis

A

invasion of mucosal surfaces

31
Q

Campylobacter sources

A

contaminated poultry, pets (animal reservoir)

32
Q

Staph. aureus gram stain

A

gram positive cocci

33
Q

Staph. aureus incubation period

A

1-8 hours

34
Q

Staph. aureus pathenogenesis

A

heat stable enterotoxin activates vomit centre

35
Q

Staph. aureus sources

A

food high in salt or sugar (preserved meats and cakes), found in normal skin & nose flora

36
Q

Bacillus cereus gram stain

A

gram positive rod

37
Q

Bacillus cereus incubation period

A

1-15 hours

38
Q

Bacillus cereus pathenogenesis

A
  • emetic type: ST enterotoxin

- diarrhoeal type: LT enterotoxin

39
Q

Bacillus cereus sources

A

spores in rice & cereals, germinate at room temperature, do not die in flash frying

40
Q

Clostridium perfringens gram stain

A
  • gram positive rod

- anaerobic

41
Q

Clostridium perfringens incubation period

A

6-24 hours

42
Q

Clostridium perfringens pathenogenesis

A

LT enterotoxin

43
Q

Clostridium perfringens sources

A

spores in soil, dust, and animals

germinate in rewarmed meat (animal reservoir)

44
Q

Rotavirus structure

A

non-enveloped, dsRNA

45
Q

Rotavirus incubation period & pathenogenesis

A
  • 2 days

- enterotoxin and lysis of vili

46
Q

Norovirus structure

A

non-enveloped, positive sense ssRNA

47
Q

Norovirus incubation period & pathogenesis

A
  • 1-2 days

- blunting of vili

48
Q

Adenovirus structure

A

non-enveloped dsDNA

49
Q

Entamoeba Histolytica pathogenesis

A
  1. amebapores lyse host cell
  2. lectin binds to host sugars for contact dependent killing
  3. cystein protease breaksdown IgA & IgG
  4. cleaving of complement proteins
50
Q

Giardia Lamblia pathenogenesis

A

malabsorption - attachment to gut via ventral sucking disc

51
Q

Cryptosporidium pathenogenesis

A
  1. adherance via lectins and glycoproteins

2. proteases

52
Q

Clostridium difficile incubation period & pathenogenesis

A
  • days or weeks after antibiotic therapy (due to dysbiosis)
  • adheres to mucosa & produces cytotoxic toxins
  • causes pseudomembranous colitis

Immunology & Microbiology (6 decks)

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